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  1. Emergency contraception (EC) is an effective postcoital contraceptive method for reducing the risk of unwanted pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. The estimated effectiveness of EC is between 70 and 89% i...

    Authors: M. L. Bauzà-Amengual, M. Esteva, M. Ingla-Pol, M. A. Font-Oliver and S. March
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:803
  2. This paper examines school and classroom effects on Daily Physical Activity (DPA) policy implementation in classrooms in Ontario, Canada. In 2005 the Ontario Ministry of Education mandated a policy requiring s...

    Authors: Kenneth R. Allison, Anne N. Philipneri, Karen Vu-Nguyen, Heather E. Manson, John J. M. Dwyer, Erin Hobin, Bessie Ng and Ye Li
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:802
  3. Neighborhood deprivation has been consistently linked to poor individual health outcomes; however, studies exploring the mechanisms involved in this association are scarce. The objective of this study was to i...

    Authors: M. Pia Chaparro, Michaela Benzeval, Elizabeth Richardson and Richard Mitchell
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:801
  4. Appraisal delay is the time a patient takes to consider a symptom as not only noticeable, but a sign of illness. The study’s objective was to determine the association between appraisal delay in seeking tuberc...

    Authors: Kyle Fluegge, LaShaunda L. Malone, Mary Nsereko, Brenda Okware, Christian Wejse, Hussein Kisingo, Ezekiel Mupere, W. Henry Boom and Catherine M. Stein
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:798
  5. The mechanisms explaining the positive relationship between television (TV) viewing and body mass index (BMI) are unclear. ‘Mindless eating’ and ‘physical activity displacement’ theories have been suggested, b...

    Authors: Verity J. Cleland, Kira Patterson, Monique Breslin, Michael D. Schmidt, Terence Dwyer and Alison J. Venn
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:797
  6. Cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Prevention is recognised by many, including the World Health Organization, to offer the most cost-effective long-term strategy for the control of...

    Authors: Juliet A. Usher-Smith, Golnessa Masson, Katie Mills, Stephen J. Sharp, Stephen Sutton, William M. P. Klein and Simon J. Griffin
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:796
  7. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the “End TB Strategy”, which aims to reduce tuberculosis (TB) mortality by 95% by 2035, Brazil has made a commitment to this, however, one challenge is achieving th...

    Authors: Marcos Augusto Moraes Arcoverde, Thais Zamboni Berra, Luana Seles Alves, Danielle Talita dos Santos, Aylana de Sousa Belchior, Antônio Carlos Vieira Ramos, Luiz Henrique Arroyo, Ivaneliza Simionato de Assis, Josilene Dália Alves, Ana Angélica Rêgo de Queiroz, Mellina Yamamura, Pedro Fredemir Palha, Francisco Chiaravalloti Neto, Reinaldo Antonio Silva-Sobrinho, Oscar Kenji Nihei and Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:795
  8. The psychosocial environment of the workplace has received less attention in terms of occupational health. Trust, social network and social cohesion at the workplace (that is, factors related to social capital...

    Authors: Mojgan Firouzbakht, Aram Tirgar, Tuula Oksanen, Ichiro Kawachi, Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki, Maryam Nikpour, Susan Mouodi and Reza Sadeghian
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:794
  9. People living with HIV (PLWH) suffer from high rates of mental illness; but targeted effective interventions are limited, especially in developing countries. High penetration of smartphone usage and widespread...

    Authors: Yan Guo, Y. Alicia Hong, Jiaying Qiao, Zhimeng Xu, Hanxi Zhang, Chengbo Zeng, Weiping Cai, Linghua Li, Cong Liu, Yiran Li, Mengting Zhu, Nathan Asher Harris and Cui Yang
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:793
  10. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) including maltreatment and exposure to household stressors can impact the health of children. Community factors that provide support, friendship and opportunities for devel...

    Authors: Mark A. Bellis, Karen Hughes, Kat Ford, Katie A. Hardcastle, Catherine A. Sharp, Sara Wood, Lucia Homolova and Alisha Davies
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:792
  11. Health and socioeconomic status (SES) are linked in studies worldwide. Measures of SES exist for many countries, however not for Saudi Arabia (SA). We describe two indices of area-based SES for SA.

    Authors: Reem S. AlOmar, Roger C. Parslow and Graham R. Law
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:791
  12. Influenza remains a significant burden on health systems. Effective responses rely on the timely understanding of the magnitude and the evolution of an outbreak. For monitoring purposes, data on severe cases o...

    Authors: Alice Corbella, Xu-Sheng Zhang, Paul J. Birrell, Nicki Boddington, Richard G. Pebody, Anne M. Presanis and Daniela De Angelis
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:790
  13. Children’s physical activity levels are low and efforts to improve their physical activity levels have proven difficult. Freely chosen and unstructured physical activity (active play) has the potential to be p...

    Authors: Avril Johnstone, Adrienne R. Hughes, Anne Martin and John J. Reilly
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:789
  14. Childhood overweight and obesity is a significant public health issue. A key contributing factor is sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption. Evidence suggests that secondary school students are frequent c...

    Authors: Nicole Kajons, Michael David, Justine Gowland-Ella, Peter Lewis and Samantha Batchelor
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:788
  15. Influenza is a serious public health concern, resulting in morbidity, mortality and significant expense to healthcare systems worldwide. Annual vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. The N...

    Authors: Jennifer E. Isenor, Beth A. O’Reilly and Susan K. Bowles
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:787
  16. Tackling the social determinants of Tuberculosis (TB) through social protection is a key element of the post-2015 End TB Strategy. However, evidence informing policies are still scarce. Mathematical modelling ...

    Authors: D. Boccia, W. Rudgard, S. Shrestha, K. Lönnroth, P. Eckhoff, J. Golub, M. Sanchez, E. Maciel, D. Rasella, P. Shete, D. Pedrazzoli, R. Houben, S. Chang and D. Dowdy
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:786
  17. The prevalence of diabetes in China has rapidly increased in recent years. Family history and physical inactivity are known risk factors for developing diabetes. As automated telephone-based communication is r...

    Authors: Lancelot W. H. Mui, Robert H. Friedman, Joseph T. F. Lau, Ji Peng and Abu S. Abdullah
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:785
  18. Communicating results to participants is a fundamental component of community-based participatory research (CBPR). However, in environmental exposure studies this is not always practiced, partly due to ethical...

    Authors: Luz Claudio, Jalisa Gilmore, Mohana Roy and Barbara Brenner
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:784
  19. In low-income countries it is difficult to obtain complete data that show spatial heterogeneity in the risk of tuberculosis within-and-between smaller administrative units. This may contribute to the partial e...

    Authors: Sebsibe Tadesse, Fikre Enqueselassie and Seifu Hagos Gebreyesus
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:783
  20. People living on the banks of polluted rivers with yearly flooding lived in impoverished and physically unhealthy circumstances. However, they were reluctant to move or be relocated to other locations where be...

    Authors: Fredrick Dermawan Purba, Joke A. M. Hunfeld, Titi Sahidah Fitriana, Aulia Iskandarsyah, Sawitri S. Sadarjoen, Jan J. V. Busschbach and Jan Passchier
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:782
  21. Meningitis, a disease of the Central Nervous System is described as inflammation of the covering of the brain and spinal cord (meninges). It is characterised by fever, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff ...

    Authors: Timothy Letsa, Charles Lwanga Noora, George Khumalo Kuma, Ernest Asiedu, Gideon Kye-Duodu, Edwin Afari, Osei Afreh Kuffour, Joseph Opare, Kofi Mensah Nyarko, Donne Kofi Ameme, Emmanuel G. Bachan, Kofi Issah, Franklin Aseidu-Bekoe, Moses Aikins and Ernest Kenu
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:781
  22. There has been an absolute and relative increase in the number of patients with cannabis-related disorders as the principal diagnosis in many countries in recent years. Cannabis is now the most frequently ment...

    Authors: Solveig Glestad Christiansen and Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:780
  23. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of two conditions, angina and stroke, and relevant risk factors among older adults in...

    Authors: Ye Ruan, Yanfei Guo, Yang Zheng, Zhezhou Huang, Shuangyuan Sun, Paul Kowal, Yan Shi and Fan Wu
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:778
  24. The health of migrants has become an important issue in global health and foreign policy. Assessing the current status of research activity and identifying gaps in global migration health (GMH) is an important...

    Authors: Waleed M. Sweileh, Kolitha Wickramage, Kevin Pottie, Charles Hui, Bayard Roberts, Ansam F. Sawalha and Saed H. Zyoud
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:777
  25. Papua New Guinea (PNG) has some of the highest prevalence of urogenital sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Pacific Asia, but to date, anorectal STI prevalence data do not exist, and diagnosis of anorect...

    Authors: Stephen Bell, Johanna Wapling, Sophie Ase, Ruthy Boli-Neo, Andrew J. Vallely, John M. Kaldor, Claire E. Nightingale and Angela Kelly-Hanku
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:776
  26. Despite increasing of the Belgian health expenditures, several indicators related to population health showed poor results. The objectives of this study were to perform an in-depth analysis of the secular tren...

    Authors: C. Maertens de Noordhout, H. Van Oyen, N. Speybroeck and B. Devleesschauwer
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:775
  27. Health risk behavior (HRB) is of concern during adolescence. In sub-Saharan Africa, reliable, valid and culturally appropriate measures of HRB are urgently needed. This study aims at assembling and psychometri...

    Authors: Derrick Ssewanyana, Anneloes van Baar, Charles R. Newton and Amina Abubakar
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:774
  28. Ethnic minority populations in the United States (US) are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including hypertension, overweight/obesity, and diabetes. The size and divers...

    Authors: Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Elizabeth Selvin, Jonathan Aboagye, Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran, Ximin Li, Cheryl Dennison Himmelfarb, Rexford S. Ahima and Lisa A. Cooper
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:773
  29. Depression is a mood disorder that may lead to severe outcomes including mental breakdown, self-injury, and suicide. Potential causes of depression include genetic, sociocultural, and individual-level factors....

    Authors: Jiabao Pan, Bingjie Liu and Gary L. Kreps
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:772
  30. Immigrants to the United States are usually healthier than their U.S.-born counterparts, yet the health of immigrants declines with duration of stay in the U.S. This pattern is often seen for numerous health p...

    Authors: Gilbert C. Gee, A. B. de Castro, Catherine M. Crespi, May C. Wang, Karen Llave, Eleanor Brindle, Nanette R. Lee, Maria Midea M. Kabamalan and Anna K. Hing
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:771
  31. A systematic attempt to summarize the literature that examines working conditions and occupational health among immigrant in Europe and Canada.

    Authors: T. Sterud, T. Tynes, I. Sivesind Mehlum, K. B. Veiersted, B. Bergbom, A. Airila, B. Johansson, M. Brendler-Lindqvist, K. Hviid and M. -A. Flyvholm
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:770
  32. In Kenya, most sexual violence survivors either do not access healthcare, access healthcare late or do not complete treatment. To design interventions that ensure optimal healthcare for survivors, it is import...

    Authors: Anne Gatuguta, Katherine G. Merrill, Manuela Colombini, Seyi Soremekun, Janet Seeley, Isaac Mwanzo and Karen Devries
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:769
  33. High levels of sedentary behavior are linked to increased mortality. In the United States, individuals spend 55–70% of their waking day being sedentary. Since most individuals spend large portions of their dai...

    Authors: Samuel Headley, Jasmin Hutchinson, Sarah Wooley, Kristen Dempsey, Kelvin Phan, Gregory Spicer, Xanne Janssen, Jerold Laguilles and Tracey Matthews
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:768
  34. Web-based lifestyle interventions at the workplace have the potential to promote health and work productivity. However, the sustainability of effects is often small, which could be enhanced by adding face-to-f...

    Authors: Tessa A. Kouwenhoven-Pasmooij, Suzan J. W. Robroek, Roderik A. Kraaijenhagen, Pieter H. Helmhout, Daan Nieboer, Alex Burdorf and M. G. Myriam Hunink
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:766
  35. Sub-Saharan Africa remains one of the regions with modest health outcomes; and evidenced by high maternal mortality ratios and under-5 mortality rates. There are complications that occur during and following p...

    Authors: Henry V. Doctor, Sangwani Nkhana-Salimu and Maryam Abdulsalam-Anibilowo
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:765
  36. As smartphone becomes increasingly prevalent and affordable, more youths today can own a smartphone device and download applications in various application stores. Smartphone applications have been proven to b...

    Authors: Toan Thanh Thi Do, Mai Dinh Le, Thanh Van Nguyen, Bach Xuan Tran, Huong Thi Le, Hinh Duc Nguyen, Long Hoang Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Tho Dinh Tran, Carl A. Latkin, Roger C. M. Ho and Melvyn W. B. Zhang
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:764
  37. Stigma and discrimination remains a barrier to uptake of HIV/AIDS counselling and treatment as well as effective HIV reduction programmes. Despite ethnic diversity of Nigeria, studies on determinants of HIV st...

    Authors: Clifford O. Odimegwu, Olatunji Alabi, Nicole De Wet and Joshua O. Akinyemi
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:763
  38. Many asylum seekers have complex mental health needs which can be exacerbated by the challenging circumstances in which they live and difficulties accessing health services. Regular moderate physical activity ...

    Authors: Melanie Haith-Cooper, Catherine Waskett, Jane Montague and Maria Horne
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:762
  39. With declining rates of participation in epidemiological studies there is an important need to attempt to understand what factors might affect response. This study examines the pattern of response at different...

    Authors: Emma Green, Holly Bennett, Carol Brayne and Fiona E. Matthews
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:760
  40. Daytime napping has been postulated as both a protective and a risk factor for depression in previous studies. In addition to these conflicting results, research gaps also exist with regard to controlling conf...

    Authors: Yuning Liu, Tingting Peng, Siqiao Zhang and Kun Tang
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:759
  41. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify age and sex trends in the disability burden of compensated work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in Canada and Australia; and (2) to demonstrate a mean...

    Authors: Robert A. Macpherson, Tyler J. Lane, Alex Collie and Christopher B. McLeod
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:758
  42. Increasing the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) to 50% in the first six months of life is one of six major global targets set by the United Nations Decade of Nutrition, and is essential to achieve the sus...

    Authors: C. Horwood, L. Haskins, IM Engebretsen, S. Phakathi, C. Connolly, A. Coutsoudis and L. Spies
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:757
  43. Screen-time and unhealthy dietary behaviours are highly pervasive in young children and evidence suggests that these behaviours often co-occur and are associated. Identifying clusters of unhealthy behaviours, ...

    Authors: Natalie Pearson, Stuart J. H. Biddle, Paula Griffiths, Julie P. Johnston and Emma Haycraft
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:753
  44. Diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease are three major chronic conditions that develop with increasing risks among adults as they get older. The interconnectedness of these three...

    Authors: Chathura Siriwardhana, Eunjung Lim, James Davis and John J. Chen
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:752
  45. Globally the access to HIV testing has greatly increased over the past 30 years. Nonetheless, a high proportion of people living with HIV remains undiagnosed, even in resource rich countries. To increase the p...

    Authors: Paola Scognamiglio, Giacomina Chiaradia, Marta Giovanetti, Emidio Albertini, Antonella Camposeragna, Massimo Farinella, Daniela Lorenzetti, Massimo Oldrini, Laura Rancilio, Anna Caraglia, Francesco Paolo Maraglino, Giuseppe Ippolito and Enrico Girardi
    Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:748

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