Table 4 Multivariable association between low back pain and individual and sociodemographic variables*

Gender (Ref = Male)

Female

-

-

-

-

1.29

1.08–1.53

1.53

1.34–1.75

1.90

1.61–2.23

Age Group in Yrs (ref = 15–34)

35–54

1.59

1.34–1.88

2.09

1.84–2.38

-

-

-

-

-

-

55+

1.79

1.44–2.22

3.23

2.77–3.76

-

-

-

-

-

-

Marital Status (ref = single)

Married

1.67

1.36–2.04

1.83

1.52–2.21

1.85

1.56–2.19

1.76

1.35–2.29

1.40

0.87–2.24

Widowed

1.20

0.80–1.79

1.70

1.29–2.24

1.16

0.67–2.02

1.75

1.24–2.45

1.07

0.60–1.89

Divorced

2.53

1.75–3.67

2.01

1.58–2.55

-

-

2.06

1.34–3.16

1.58

0.97–2.56

Educational Level (ref = primary)

Secondary level and equivalent

0.77

0.61–0.98

0.84

0.74–0.95

0.81

0.59–1.10

0.86

0.71–1.05

0.83

0.72–0.97

High School level and equivalent

0.69

0.69–0.88

0.67

0.58–0.78

0.70

0.51–0.97

0.73

0.59–0.90

0.67

0.54–0.82

University and above

0.57

0.44–0.74

0.56

0.48–0.68

0.57

0.41–0.79

0.58

0.46–0.74

0.62

0.47–0.81

Work Status (ref = retired/disabled)

Employed

0.92

0.77–1.11

0.98

0.85–1.13

1.43

1.18–1.72

0.91

0.79–1.05

1.58

1.43–1.78

Housework (Not working)

0.83

0.67–1.02

1.25

1.023–1.53

1.32

0.96–1.81

0.94

0.78–1.13

1.89

1.70–2.13

Job seeker

0.52

0.36–0.75

0.62

0.45–0.86

0.70

0.53–0.92

1.11

0.10–2.62

-

-

Continuing education

0.85

0.69–1.05

0.98

0.81–1.20

0.86

0.78–1.13

0.91

0.69–1.19

-

-

Depressive symptoms (ref = No)

Yes

2.50

2.05–3.04

2.46

2.15–2.81

3.90

3.08–4.93

2.32

1.97–2.72

2.06

1.71–2.49

Body Mass Index (ref = normal weight)

Pre-obese

1.78

1.33–2.37

1.23

1.01–1.50

1.27

0.73–2.20

1.12

0.88–1.43

1.68

1.31–2.14

obese

1.01

0.47–2.17

1.49

1.10–2.03

3.94

1.41–6.32

0.89

0.58–1.36

1.84

1.20–2.80