Table 3 Univariate regression analysis for low back pain: Individual and sociodemographic variables*

Gender (Ref = Male)

Female

-

-

-

-

1.39

1.20–1.60

1.871

1.68–2.08

2.80

2.49–3.15

Age Group in Yrs. (ref = 15–34)

35–54

2.42

2.11–2.78

3.27

2.92–3.66

-

-

-

-

-

-

55+

2.98

2.58–3.43

6.01

5.34–6.76

-

-

-

-

-

-

Marital Status (ref = single)

Married

2.89

2.49–3.35

4.41

3.80–5.12

2.33

2.01–2.69

1.89

1.46–2.43

1.30

0.83–2.05

Widowed

2.30

1.59–3.34

4.41

3.46–5.63

2.20

1.31–3.69

2.09

1.49–2.92

1.12

0.65–1.93

Divorced

5.76

4.12–7.94

8.89

7.36–10.74

-

-

3.28

2.17–4.96

2.35

1.47–3.74

Educational Level (ref = primary)

Secondary level and equivalent

0.67

0.54–0.83

0.66

0.59–0.74

0.72

0.53–0.97

0.74

0.61–0.90

0.61

0.53–0.69

High School level and equivalent

0.46

0.37–0.58

0.32

0.28–0.37

0.44

0.33–0.60

0.57

0.46–0.69

0.41

0.34–0.49

University and above

0.41

0.33–0.53

0.27

0.23–0.31

0.53

0.39–0.71

0.42

0.34–0.52

0.34

0.27–0.43

Work Status (ref = retired/disabled)

Employed

0.863

0.73–1.02

0.55

0.49–0.62

1.01

0.86–1.12

1.14

0.97–1.35

1.66

1.22–2.27

Housework (Not working)

0.966

0.79–1.18

1.23

1.02–1.48

1.04

0.78–1.40

1.18

0.11–3.11

1.49

1.14–1.94

Job seeker

0.23

0.17–0.32

0.14

0.10–0.18

0.40

0.32–0.50

1.15

0.89–1.49

-

-

Continuing education

1.32

1.11–1.58

1.36

1.14–1.63

1.05

0.92–1.16

1.74

1.55–1.95

-

-

Birth Place (ref = urban)

Rural

0.95

0.69–1.32

0.75

0.58–0.98

0.83

0.52–1.32

0.765

0.55–1.06

0.90

0.63–1.27

Depressive symptoms (ref = No)

Yes

2.64

2.18–3.19

2.81

2.49–3.18

3.94

3.14–4.93

2.585

2.21–3.02

2.42

2.03–2.89

Body Mass Index (ref = normal weight)

Pre-obese

2.10

1.59–2.78

1.97

1.64–2.38

1.59

0.93–2.70

1.35

1.07–1.71

2.11

1.67–2.66

obese

1.28

0.61–2.67

2.54

1.89–3.43

4.70

1.81–8.22

1.26

0.83–1.90

2.78

1.84–4.19

Physical Activity (ref = Intense activity)

No/Mild activity

1.47

1.29–1.67

1.43

1.25–1.64

1.32

1.10–1.58

1.35

1.18–1.56

1.87

1.57–2.23

Moderate activity

1.24

1.07–1.44

0.93

0.79–1.09

1.18

0.96–1.46

1.03

0.87–1.21

1.11

0.90–1.36