The influencing factors of hearing protection device usage among noise-exposed workers in Guangdong Province: a structural equation modeling-based survey

Table 4 Standardized direct, indirect, and total effect in the structural equation model

variables			Standardized direct effect	Standardized indirect effect	Total effect
Age	→	Hearing protection knowledge	-0.198^**	-	-0.198^**
Education	→	Hearing protection knowledge	0.386^**	-	0.386^**
Year of work	→	Hearing protection knowledge	0.204^**	-	0.204^**
Work operation	→	Hearing protection knowledge	0.240^**	-	0.240^**
Hearing protection training	→	Hearing protection knowledge	0.115^*	-	0.115^*
Hearing protection knowledge	→	Hearing protection attitudes	0.333^**	-	0.333^**
Age	→	Hearing protection attitudes	-0.295^**	-0.066^**	-0.361^**
Education	→	Hearing protection attitudes	-	0.128^**	0.128^**
Year of work	→	Hearing protection attitudes	-	0.068^**	0.068^**
Work operation	→	Hearing protection attitudes	-0.146^**	0.080^**	-0.066^**
Hearing protection training	→	Hearing protection attitudes	-	0.038^*	0.038^*
Colleagues’ influence	→	Hearing protection attitudes	0.118^*	-	0.118^*
HPD wearing comfort	→	HPD wearing behavior	0.157^**	-	0.157^**
Hearing protection knowledge	→	HPD wearing behavior	0.201^**	0.038^*	0.239^**
Hearing protection attitudes	→	HPD wearing behavior	0.113	-	0.113
Age	→	HPD wearing behavior	-	-0.081^**	-0.081^**
Education	→	HPD wearing behavior	-	0.092^**	0.092^**
Year of work	→	HPD wearing behavior	-	0.049^**	0.049^**
Work shifts	→	HPD wearing behavior	-0.107^*	-	-0.107^*
Work operation	→	HPD wearing behavior	-	0.041	0.041
Hearing protection training	→	HPD wearing behavior	-	0.027^*	0.027^*
Colleagues’ influence	→	HPD wearing behavior	0.191^**	0.013^*	0.204^**

ISSN: 1471-2458