Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of risk factors associated with psychological aggression, physical punishment, and violent discipline of caregivers

Score of ZSDS

0.98 (0.96∼1.01)

0.99 (0.97∼1.01)

0.99 (0.97∼1.02)

County

 Yudu County

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Lushi County

0.58 (0.25∼1.35)

0.17 (0.07∼0.42) ^**

0.30 (0.12∼0.74) ^**

 Pingshan County

0.52 (0.21∼1.25)

0.30 (0.12∼0.74) ^**

0.34 (0.13∼0.88) ^*

 Sansui County

1.85 (0.88∼4.82)

0.67 (0.29∼1.55)

1.69 (0.62∼5.49)

 Tongjiang County

0.84 (0.42∼1.67)

0.55 (0.26∼1.15)

1.04 (0.46∼2.39)

Child’s Age

1.00 (0.98∼1.02)

1.00 (0.98∼1.02)

1.00 (0.98∼1.02)

Child’s Sex

 Male

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Female

1.13 (0.74∼1. 73)

0.75 (0.49∼1.16)

0.73 (0.45∼1.17)

Child’s Ethnicity

 Han

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Minority

0.31 (0.11∼0.76) *

0.55 (0.23∼1.31)

0.28 (0.08∼0.78) *

Child’s Sibling Number

1.20 (0.92∼1.57)

0.85 (0.65∼1.11)

1.17 (0.86∼1.60)

Left-behind Type

 SLBC

1.00

1.00

1.00

 PLBC

1.73 (0.81∼3.70)

1.64 (0.75∼3.57)

2.29 (0.99∼5.30)

Caregiver’s Age

1.00 (0.97∼1.02)

1.01 (0.98∼1.04)

1.00 (0.97∼1.03)

Caregiver’s Sex

 Male

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Female

1.39 (0.74∼2.58)

2.03 (1.08∼3.84) *

1.77 (0.88∼3.52)

Caregiver’s Education Level

 Illiteracy

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Primary school

0.95 (0.44∼1.99)

1.30 (0.62∼2.69)

0.77 (0.31∼1.78)

 Middle school

1.06 (0.45∼2.44)

2.32 (1.00∼5.43)

1.51 (0.55∼3.98)

 High school or above

0.73 (0.27∼2.02)

1.71 (0.62∼4.75)

1.19 (0.38∼3.71)

Housework Stress

 No

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Yes

1.49 (0.96∼2.33)

2.19 (1.40∼3.47) **

1.85 (1.13∼3.05) *

Household Wealth Index

0.92 (0.75∼1.12)

1.00 (0.81∼1.22)

0.98 (0.78∼1.23)