Table 2 Demographic, socioeconomic, and sociocultural variables, and their relationships with toilet adoption (beta coefficients and standard errors estimated by the binary logistic regressions with the ownership of functional and consistently used toilets considered as the dependent variable)
2016 (before SBM) | 2019 (after SBM) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representation in the sample | Beta coefficient | Standard errors | Representation in the sample | Beta coefficient | Standard errors | |
If female respondent | 56% | -0.059 | 0.296 | 45% | -0.140 | 0.154 |
Age of respondent | 32.57 | 0.010 | 0.017 | 35.55 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Household size | 5.95 | -0.071 | 0.066 | 5.78 | 0.017 | 0.034 |
Religion: | ||||||
Hindu | 59% | 0.713 | 0.658 | 57% | 0.024 | 0.156 |
Muslim | 8% | 2.285 | 0.832* | 8% | 1.012 | 0.556 |
Christian | 5% | 2.421 | 0.591** | 6% | 0.014 | 0.555 |
Sarna | 28% | Reference category | 28% | Reference category | ||
Education: | ||||||
No | 32% | -1.109 | 0.524* | 38% | -0.439 | 0.321 |
Up to lower secondary | 37% | -1.037 | 0.323** | 39% | -0.229 | 0.264 |
Higher secondary | 18% | -0.846 | 0.308* | 14% | -0.066 | 0.336 |
College | 13% | Reference category | 9% | Reference category | ||
Main source of livelihood: | ||||||
Farming | 22% | 1.237 | 0.651 | 29% | -0.304 | 0.179 |
Self-employed | 16% | 0.919 | 0.568 | 13% | 0.545 | 0.273 |
Other | 15% | 1.008 | 0.448* | 13% | -0.325 | 0.224 |
Casual labour | 47% | Reference category | 45% | Reference category | ||
Household income (in logarithms) | 0.00 | 1.653 | 0.376** | -0.05 | 0.025 | 0.396 |
Size of owned land (in logarithms) | -0.65 | -0.039 | 0.145 | -0.55 | 0.028 | 0.110 |
Nagelkerke (Cox and Snell) R2 | 0.25 (0.15) | 0.04 (0.03) | ||||
N | 481 | 871 | ||||