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Table 3 Comparison of resilience, distress and job demands by stress from social isolation and loneliness

From: Perceived stress from social isolation or loneliness among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers during COVID-19

 

Social Isolation or Loneliness as a Major Stressor

p

2020

2021

2022

All

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

CD-RISC Composite Score (0–8) Mean(SD)

6.38(1.2)

6.76(1.2)

6.39(1.3)

6.82(1.1)

6.55(1.3)

6.74(1.20)

6.46(1.3)

6.77(1.2)

***

WBI Mean Score (-2-9) Mean(SD)

4.67(2.1)

3.60(2.3)

2.32(2.6)

1.07(2.6)

2.76(2.6)

1.20(2.6)

2.92(2.7)

1.40(2.7)

***

Increased responsibilities or job demands as a major stressor Freq(%)

145(54.5)

186(41.3)

308(55.0)

550(40.5)

217(27.0)

769(26.8)

670(41.1)

1,505(32.2)

***

  1. Note: Freq, Frequency; CD-RISC, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; WBI, Well-Being Index
  2. p*<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001, variable vs. social isolation or loneliness across all years