Table 1 Sample characteristics and percentage distribution of diabetes and its treatment by background characteristics among individuals aged 45 years and above, Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI, 2017-18)

Age groups

45–54

21,774

35.10

1,994

8.1 (7.4,8.8)

1,607

80.47

55–64

18,214

30.46

2,596

13.1 (12.2,14.2)

2,136

82.39

65–74

13,002

24.01

2,126

16.0 (13.7,18.6)

1,800

85.15

75+

5,622

10.42

759

11.8 (10.2,13.5)

626

79.42

Gender

Male

27,143

45.89

3,554

12.0 (11.2,12.7)

2,887

80.72

Female

31,469

54.11

3,921

11.9 (10.7,13.1)

3,282

84.06

Education level

No education

27,496

50.45

2,284

7.8 (7.2,8.4)

1,797

76.89

Primary

14,648

23.43

2,100

13.5 (12.5,14.7)

1,714

82.66

Secondary

10,848

16.28

1,894

17.8 (14.7,21.5)

1,618

88.21

Higher

5,620

9.84

1,197

19.3 (16.6,22.3)

1,040

85.23

Working Status

Never Worked

16,017

25.98

2,519

15.4 (13.2,17.9)

2,184

86.48

Currently working

27,333

47.28

2,370

8.2 (7.5,8.9)

1,856

79.90

Currently Not working

15,262

26.74

2,586

15.1 (14.2,16.0)

2,129

81.10

Marital Status

Currently married

43,934

73.93

5,640

11.7 (11.1,12.3)

4,660

82.35

Widowed

12,805

23.24

1,615

12.8 (10.5,15.6)

1,328

83.00

D/S/D/Others

1,873

2.82

220

9.6 (7.5,12.3)

181

82.58

Place of Residence

Rural

38,361

70.12

3,295

8.2 (7.8,8.6)

2,524

76.60

Urban

20,251

29.88

4,180

20.7 (18.5,22.9)

3,645

88.02

Caste

Scheduled caste

9,872

19.42

982

8.5 (7.6,9.5)

794

78.71

Scheduled tribe

10,255

8.63

745

4.7 (4.0,5.5)

554

72.82

OBC

22,143

45.49

3,052

13.4 (12.0,15.0)

2,563

85.26

Others

16,342

26.45

2,696

14.2 (13.4,15.0)

2,258

80.78

MPCE quintile

Poorest

11,537

20.98

1,018

8.6 (7.6,9.6)

804

78.84

Poorer

11,851

21.28

1,233

9.2 (8.5,10.0)

979

77.56

Middle

11,855

20.48

1,469

10.6 (9.6,11.6)

1,207

81.70

Richer

11,826

19.68

1,721

14.5 (12.4,17.0)

1,439

84.00

Richest

11,543

17.58

2,034

17.7 (15.2,20.5)

1,740

86.98

Region

North

10,799

12.71

1,312

10.6 (9.8,11.4)

1,095

83.18

Central

8,059

21.09

561

7.1 (6.3,7.8)

418

72.59

East

10,606

23.90

1,035

8.9 (8.2,9.7)

787

75.40

Northeast

7,577

3.38

517

7.3 (6.4,8.3)

347

64.58

West

7,701

15.94

1,171

13.6 (12.4,14.8)

986

80.67

South

13,870

22.98

2,879

19.7 (17.1,22.7)

2,536

90.78

Religion

Hindu

43,025

82.50

5,269

11.6 (10.7,12.5)

4,338

82.42

Muslim

6,932

11.04

1,125

13.3 (11.8,15.0)

939

81.14

Christian

5,874

2.95

695

14.8 (11.9,18.3)

561

86.60

Others

2,781

3.51

386

12.9 (11.2,14.8)

331

85.08

Lifestyle variables

Smoking tobacco

Never

47,832

82.74

6,504

12.6 (11.7,13.5)

5,418

83.48

Former

2,667

3.78

385

12.7 (10.9,14.8)

325

84.32

Current

8,113

13.48

586

7.4 (6.6,8.4)

426

71.63

Chewing tobacco

Never

45,753

76.42

6,288

13.0 (12.1,14.0)

5,269

83.62

Former

1,433

2.38

188

11.2 (9.0,13.7)

147

81.47

Current

11,426

21.20

999

8.1 (7.4,8.9)

753

76.32

Alcohol Use

No

48,053

84.84

6,382

12.4 (11.5,13.3)

5,332

83.27

Yes

10,559

15.16

1,093

9.3 (8.5,10.2)

837

76.91

Physical inactivity

Active

37,868

65.78

4,402

11.1 (10.1,12.2)

3,600

82.68

Inactive

20,744

34.22

3,073

13.5 (12.7,14.2)

2,569

82.27

BMI categories

Normal

30,635

51.57

3,356

10.3 (9.7,10.9)

2,733

80.61

Underweight

10,847

21.34

423

3.7 (3.2,4.2)

282

61.45

Overweight/obese

17,130

27.09

3,696

21.5 (19.3,23.9)

3,154

87.09

Morbidities

Difficulty in ADL

No

50,686

84.49

6,126

11.7 (10.8,12.6)

5,037

83.07

Yes

7,926

15.51

1,349

13.2 (12.2,14.4)

1,132

79.88

Difficulty in IADL

No

39,612

63.49

4,830

11.1 (10.5,11.7)

3,954

81.80

Yes

19,000

36.51

2,645

13.3 (11.7,15.1)

2,215

83.56

High Cholesterol

No

56,542

97.75

6,610

11.4 (10.6,12.2)

5,400

82.16

Yes

2,070

2.25

865

34.6 (30.8,38.6)

769

87.68

Hypertension

No

41,881

73.02

2,918

6.2 (5.8,6.6)

2,393

81.36

Yes

16,731

26.98

4,557

27.5 (25.4,29.7)

3,776

83.22

Treatment for HT*

No

4,659

28.17

679

14.2 (12.7,15.8)

312

39.78

Yes

12,072

71.83

3,878

32.7 (30.0,35.5)

3,464

90.63

Treatment for HT

No

46,540

80.62

3,597

6.9 (6.5,7.3)

2,705

73.31

Yes

12,072

19.38

3,878

32.7 (30.0,35.5)

3,464

90.63

Family Medical History

Family History of Diabetes

No

49,790

85.67

4,857

9.2 (8.8,9.8)

3,893

80.33

Yes

8,822

14.33

2,618

27.8 (24.1,31.8)

2,276

86.87

Parental FH

No

53,052

90.72

5,703

9.9 (9.5,10.5)

4,625

81.15

Yes

5,560

9.28

1,772

31.1 (25.6,37.0)

1,544

86.80

FH of Father

No

56,011

95.71

6,561

10.8 (10.2,11.5)

5,376

82.05

Yes

2,601

4.29

914

36.5 (28.7,45.2)

793

85.63

FH of Mother

No

55,037

94.24

6,331

10.9 (10.2,11.5)

5,162

81.60

Yes

3,575

5.76

1,144

29 (22.8,36.1)

1,007

88.14

Sibling FH

No

54,378

93.19

6,172

10.4 (10.0,11.0)

5,018

80.75

Yes

4,234

6.81

1,303

31.8 (25.5,39.0)

1,151

90.47

FH of Brother

No

55,572

94.92

6,503

10.7 (10.2,11.2)

5,303

80.84

Yes

3,040

5.08

972

34.6 (26.5,43.7)

866

92.23

FH of Sister

No

56,840

97.24

6,857

11.2 (10.6,11.9)

5,615

81.69

Yes

1,772

2.76

618

36.4 (26.3,47.7)

554

91.50

Total

58,612

100

7,475

11.9 (11.2,12.7)

6,169

82.52