Table 2 Association between HL trajectory and each outcome based on multivariable logistic regression models

HL trajectory

p = 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

No HL at any sweep

Reference

Reference

Reference

HL onset and resolution in infancy

1.15 (0.87–1.52)

1.03 (0.69–1.52)

1.29 (0.90–1.84)

Other early onset HL with resolution

1.16 (0.87–1.54)

0.92 (0.60–1.40)

1.29 (0.90–1.87)

Late onset HL with resolution

1.07 (0.54–2.11)

0.87 (0.35–2.13)

0.52 (0.20–1.38)

Early onset HL without resolution

1.40 (0.81–2.44)

1.86 (1.01–3.40)

1.50 (0.80–2.81)

Late onset HL without resolution

3.21 (1.91–5.40)

4.88 (2.99–7.97)

3.22 (1.96–5.29)

Sex, girls

2.87 (2.55–3.22)

1.01 (0.86–1.19)

3.28 (2.82–3.82)

Ethnic background, non-white

0.77 (0.64–0.91)

0.66 (0.51–0.86)

0.66 (0.52–0.83)

NICU admission

1.30 (1.09–1.56)

1.05 (0.80–1.37)

0.99 (0.78–1.27)

Parental education

p = 0.33

p = 0.50

p = 0.24

NVQ1

Reference

Reference

Reference

NVQ2

1.25 (0.97–1.62)

1.25 (0.85–1.84)

1.03 (0.76–1.40)

NVQ3

1.17 (0.89–1.55)

1.23 (0.81–1.86)

0.84 (0.60–1.17)

NVQ4

1.07 (0.82–1.39)

1.36 (0.92–2.01)

0.86 (0.64–1.16)

NVQ5 (highest)

1.11 (0.84–1.47)

1.09 (0.73–1.63)

0.78 (0.56–1.09)

Other

1.16 (0.87–1.55)

1.13 (0.76–1.67)

0.88 (0.60–1.29)

LLI at one or more sweeps

1.53 (1.30–1.81)

1.49 (1.19–1.87)

1.57 (1.28–1.92)

Maternal age, per year increase

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.98 (0.97–1.00)

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

Baseline odds

0.23 (0.16–0.34)

0.15 (0.08–0.26)

0.11 (0.07–0.18)