Table 1 Characteristics of the sample
From: Sex and gender differences in depressive symptoms in older workers: the role of working conditions
Male (n = 177) % | Female (n = 136) % | Masculine (n = 185) % | Feminine (n = 128) % | Total (n = 313) % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, M(SD) | 59.0 (2.4) | 58.5 (2.4) | 58.9 (2.4) | 58.6 (2.4) | 58.0 (2.4) |
Female | 0.0 | 100.0 | 21.6 | 75.0 | 43.5 |
Feminine | 18.1 | 70.6 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 40.9 |
Income (quartiles) | |||||
Q1 (€510–1900) | 20.7 | 32.8 | 11.9 | 46.0 | 26.0 |
Q2 (€1900–2399) | 22.5 | 26.7 | 18.8 | 32.3 | 24.3 |
Q3 (€2400–2999) | 28.4 | 25.2 | 33.5 | 17.7 | 27.0 |
Q4 (≥ €3000) | 28.4 | 15.3 | 35.8 | 4.0 | 22.7 |
Educational level | |||||
Low | 29.9 | 29.4 | 19.5 | 44.5 | 29.7 |
Intermediate | 24.3 | 30.9 | 22.2 | 34.4 | 27.2 |
High | 45.8 | 39.7 | 58.4 | 21.1 | 43.1 |
Informal caregiving | |||||
None | 83.2 | 62.3 | 87.1 | 55.6 | 74.1 |
< 8 h per week | 13.4 | 26.3 | 12.3 | 28.7 | 19.0 |
≥ 8 h per week | 3.4 | 11.4 | 0.6 | 15.7 | 6.8 |
Time spent on household chores (quartiles) | |||||
Q1 (0–24 min per day) | 42.4 | 5.9 | 40.5 | 6.3 | 26.5 |
Q2 (24–60 min per day) | 29.9 | 16.9 | 29.2 | 17.2 | 24.3 |
Q3 (60–120 min per day) | 15.8 | 35.3 | 21.1 | 28.9 | 24.3 |
Q4 (≥ 120 min per day) | 11.9 | 41.9 | 9.2 | 47.7 | 24.9 |
Working hours (quartiles) | |||||
Q1 (1–20 h per week) | 11.4 | 43.4 | 8.7 | 49.2 | 25.3 |
Q2 (20–35 h per week) | 18.2 | 34.6 | 22.0 | 28.9 | 25.3 |
Q3 (35–41 h per week) | 52.3 | 17.6 | 48.9 | 20.3 | 37.2 |
Q4 (≥ 41 h per week) | 1.2 | 4.4 | 19.6 | 1.6 | 12.2 |
Occupation segregation (% female workers) | |||||
≤ 25% | 41.2 | 8.1 | 41.6 | 5.5 | 26.8 |
26–50% | 27.1 | 11.0 | 25.9 | 11.7 | 20.1 |
51–75% | 27.7 | 65.4 | 29.7 | 64.8 | 44.1 |
≥ 76% | 4.0 | 15.4 | 2.7 | 18.0 | 8.9 |
High physical demands | 42.9 | 50.0 | 36.2 | 60.2 | 46.0 |
High psychosocial demands | 44.1 | 44.1 | 44.3 | 43.8 | 44.1 |
High cognitive demands | 38.4 | 33.1 | 45.4 | 22.7 | 36.1 |
High autonomy | 45.8 | 36.0 | 47.6 | 32.8 | 41.5 |
High variation in tasks | 40.3 | 34.1 | 42.5 | 30.6 | 37.5 |
High social support | 38.4 | 36.0 | 38.9 | 35.2 | 37.4 |
Depressive symptoms, M(SD) | 5.1 (5.4) | 6.5 (5.8) | 5.0 (5.4) | 6.6 (5.7) | 5.7 (5.6) |