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Table 3 Logit models for dental care use and for unmet access to dental care use – Ontarioa

From: Food insecurity, home ownership and income-related equity in dental care use and access: the case of Canada

Variables

Has seen a dentist or orthodontist in the last 12 months

No dental visits during the last 3 years

No dental visits during the last 3 years- reason:Costs

Odds

Bootstrap

P > |z|

Normal-based

Odds

Bootstrap

P > |z|

Normal-based

Odds

Bootstrap

P > |z|

Normal-based

Ratio

Std. Err.

z

[95% Conf. Interval]

Ratio

Std. Err.

z

[95% Conf. Interval]

Ratio

Std. Err.

z

[95% Conf. Interval]

Health and lifestyles:

 Poor or very poor self-assessed dental health status (ref good or fair

1.07

0.0885

0.81

0.417

0.909

1.2579

0.82

0.0927

−1.72

0.086

0.6611

1.0277

0.60

0.1209

−2.54

0.011

0.4036

0.8898

 Brushe teeth at least twice a day

1.42

0.1368

3.66

0.000

1.178

1.7170

0.59

0.0751

−4.16

0.000

0.4572

0.7546

0.67

0.1279

−2.08

0.038

0.4652

0.9781

 Affected by diabetes (ref. no diabetes)

0.80

0.1077

−1.66

0.097

0.614

1.0411

1.32

0.2422

1.52

0.127

0.9234

1.8933

2.06

0.5377

2.77

0.006

1.2361

3.4368

 Obese (ref. Not obese)

0.91

0.0867

−1.02

0.306

0.7520

1.0936

0.87

0.1146

−1.08

0.282

0.6697

1.1240

0.95

0.1879

−0.27

0.789

0.6431

1.3983

 Current smoker (ref. Non-smoker or past smoker)

0.59

0.0645

−4.81

0.000

0.479

0.7337

1.65

0.2005

4.09

0.000

1.2962

2.0897

1.54

0.2762

2.41

0.016

1.0839

2.1890

 Regular drinker (ref. Non driker or, occasional drinker)

1.43

0.1327

3.87

0.000

1.193

1.7163

0.71

0.0799

−3.04

0.002

0.5695

0.8852

0.89

0.1598

− 0.65

0.513

0.6250

1.2644

Immigration and Ethnicity:

 Immigrant (ref. Local)

0.85

0.0976

−1.44

0.150

0.676

1.0617

1.00

0.1512

0.03

0.980

0.7472

1.3486

1.29

0.2929

1.13

0.259

0.8280

2.0144

 Nonwhite (ref. White)

0.85

0.1190

−1.18

0.238

0.643

1.1158

1.18

0.2130

0.93

0.352

0.8307

1.6830

0.57

0.1512

−2.13

0.033

0.3361

0.9561

 Aboriginal (ref. Non aboriginal)

0.72

0.1298

−1.81

0.070

0.508

1.0275

1.74

0.3921

2.48

0.013

1.1234

2.7105

1.24

0.3385

0.77

0.441

0.7218

2.1134

Education level:

 Low education secondary (ref.)

0.62

0.0881

−3.35

0.001

0.472

0.8217

1.23

0.1984

1.27

0.203

0.8950

1.6857

0.98

0.2412

−0.09

0.926

0.6025

1.5852

 Education level high

1.20

0.1188

1.8

0.072

0.984

1.4524

0.67

0.0771

−3.47

0.001

0.5364

0.8413

1.00

0.1925

0.01

0.993

0.6874

1.4597

Material resources:

 Living in a house rented (ref. home owner)

0.63

0.0592

−4.96

0.000

0.520

0.7534

1.73

0.2262

4.21

0.000

1.3410

2.2374

2.14

0.3960

4.09

0.000

1.4845

3.0710

Food insecurity:

 (ref. not food insecure) Moderately food insecure

0.69

0.1098

−2.31

0.021

0.509

0.9466

1.46

0.2891

1.89

0.058

0.9869

2.1491

1.65

0.4458

1.86

0.063

0.9737

2.8038

 Highly Food insecure

0.66

0.1543

−1.78

0.076

0.418

1.0438

1.99

0.5477

2.51

0.012

1.1640

3.4162

2.28

0.7238

2.59

0.009

1.2233

4.2472

 Has dental insurance (ref. no dental insurance)

3.67

0.3259

14.62

0.000

3.081

4.3647

0.27

0.0322

−10.94

0.000

0.2100

0.3375

0.09

0.0184

−12.03

0.000

0.0633

0.1371

 Equivalized personal Income (log)

1.16

0.0652

2.73

0.006

1.0438

1.2999

0.86

0.0410

−3.27

0.001

0.7785

0.9393

0.84

0.0442

−3.26

0.001

0.7609

0.9343

Statistics:

 k

28.00

     

28.00

     

28.00

     

 chi2

585.18

     

528.80

     

388.27

     

 p

0.00

     

0.00

     

0.00

     
 

Observed

Bootstrap

Normal-based

Observed

Bootstrap

Normal-based

Observed

Bootstrap

Normal-based

Coef.

Std. Err.

z

P > |z|

[95% Conf. Interval]

Coef.

Std. Err.

z

P > |z|

[95% Conf. Interval]

Coef.

Std. Err.

z

P > |z|

[95% Conf. Interval]

CN

−0.003

0.0007

−4.00

0.000

−0.0044

−0.0015

0.024

0.0028

8.33

0.000

0.0181

0.0293

0.027

0.0041

6.46

0.000

0.0185

0.0346

CM

0.113

0.0050

22.70

0.000

0.1036

0.1232

−0.362

0.0215

−16.85

0.000

−0.4044

−0.3201

− 0.415

0.0412

−10.07

0.000

−0.4959

− 0.3343

HI

0.116

0.0050

23.37

0.000

0.1066

0.1261

−0.386

0.0213

− 18.16

0.000

−0.4276

−0.3443

− 0.442

0.0405

−10.91

0.000

−0.5209

− 0.3623

  1. Bootstrap Normal-based standard errors. Data source: CCHS 2013–2014
  2. aEstimates obtained after controlling for age, sex, marital status, urbanization level, occupational status