Table 1 Descriptive statistics and sex difference
From: Non-adherence to preventive behaviours during the COVID-19 epidemic: findings from a community study
Total | Males | Females | t-test/χ2 | Effect size - Cohen d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic variablesa | |||||
Sex, Females N (%) | 3247 (61.8) | ||||
Age, Mean (SD) | 53.8 (14.4) | 56.38 (14.19) | 52.25 (14.37) | 10.15*** | 0.29 |
Education: | |||||
Less than high school N (%) | 683 (13.0) | 319 (15.9) | 364 (11.2) | 42.1*** | 0.09# |
High school N (%) | 2374 (45.2) | 807 (40.2) | 1567 (48.3) | ||
College or University N (%) | 2197 (41.8) | 881 (43.90) | 1316 (40.50) | ||
Settlement type | |||||
Budapest (capital) | 952 (18.1) | 372 (18.5) | 514 (15.8) | 14.2** | 0.05# |
County-town | 940 (17.9) | 729 (36.3) | 1322 (40.7) | ||
Other city | 1787 (34.0) | 596 (29.7) | 889 (27.4) | ||
Village and smaller settlements | 1575 (30.0) | 310 (15.4) | 522 (16.1) | ||
Having any chronic disease N (%)b | 1788 (34.0) | 720 (36.6) | 1068 (33.4) | 5.34* | 0.06 |
Preventive behavioursc | Always N (%) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Washing hands when arrived home | 4583 (88.7) | 4.70 (0.79) | 4.88 (0.50) | 10.12*** | 0.29 |
Avoiding contacts while greetings (hugging, kissing) | 4334 (83.5) | 4.68 (0.84) | 4.74 (0.74) | 2.73** | 0.08 |
Avoiding handshake | 4061 (78.4) | 4.49 (0.96) | 4.77 (0.70) | 13.60*** | 0.39 |
Avoiding meeting with group of people | 3932 (75.8) | 4.41 (1.10) | 4.68 (0.80) | 10.07*** | 0.29 |
Avoiding public transportation | 3691 (71.7) | 4.35 (1.22) | 4.44 (1.13) | 2.63** | 0.08 |
Washing hand when outside home | 3581 (69.3) | 4.29 (1.10) | 4.58 (0.92) | 10.30*** | 0.30 |
Staying home, and leaving home only when it is necessary | 3458 (66.8) | 4.29 (1.06) | 4.62 (0.78) | 12.67*** | 0.35 |
Avoiding people who have high risk of complication (old people) | 3343 (64.4) | 4.31 (1.07) | 4.50 (0.92) | 6.93*** | 0.19 |
Taking vitamin supplementation | 2873 (55.0) | 3.82 (1.44) | 4.13 (1.31) | 8.21*** | 0.23 |
Using hand sanitizer | 2285 (44.4) | 2.89 (1.73) | 3.71 (1.65) | 17.20*** | 0.49 |
Keeping at least 2 m distance from others | 2043 (39.6) | 3.86 (1.16) | 4.14 (1.00) | 9.41*** | 0.27 |
Avoiding self-touching (face, mouth, eyes) | 2067 (39.3) | 3.76 (1.22) | 4.16 (1.02) | 12.83*** | 0.37 |
Wearing face mask | 1043 (20.3) | 2.42 (1.56) | 2.73 (1.65) | 6.67*** | 0.19 |
Wearing protective gloves | 1021 (19.9) | 2.37 (1.51) | 2.79 (1.64) | 9.20*** | 0.26 |
Storing food | 540 (10.3) | 2.44 (1.34) | 2.64 (1.40) | 5.11*** | 0.15 |
Having someone in the household who are at risk of developing severe conditiond | 3205 (60.0) | 1262 (62.9) | 1862 (57.3) | 15.76*** | 0.11 |
Number of days left home for work during the last 7 dayse | 2.88 (2.40) | 3.32 (2.56) | 2.62 (2.26) | 10.34*** | 0.30 |
Number of days left home for shopping, pharmacy during the last 7 dayse | 3.02 (1.81) | 3.37 (1.97) | 2.80 (1.67) | 11.17*** | 0.32 |
Number of days left home for other reasons during the last 7 dayse | 1.83 (1.66) | 2.01 (1.80) | 1.72 (1.55) | 6.14*** | 0.18 |