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Table 1 Characteristics of High-risk Adults Referred to a Community Lifestyle Change Program to Prevent Diabetes in a Multistate Referral Registry by Delivery Type (2015–2018)

From: Reach, engagement and effectiveness of in-person and online lifestyle change programs to prevent diabetes

 

Overall

Online

In-Person

 

Referred (n = 25,728)

Referreda (n = 19,377)

Enrolledb (n = 10,906)

Not Enrolled^ (n = 8471)

p valuec,

Referreda (n = 6351)

Enrolledb (n = 3243)

Not Enrolled

(n = 3108)

p valuec,

Participant

 Age (median, IQR)

51 (41–59)

50 (40–58)

49 (39–57)

52 (42–60)

< 0.001

52 (42–60)

53 (43–60)

52 (42–60)

0.03

 Sex (% male)

25

28

26

31

< 0.001

16

11

20

< 0.001

 Race (%)

  African American

6

6

6

5

< 0.001

8

7

8

< 0.001

  White

56

58

59

56

51

54

48

 

  Asian American

3

4

3

4

3

1

4

 

  Native American

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

 

  Otherd

34

32

31

34

37

37

39

 

 Ethnicity

  Hispanic

15

14

14

13

0.002

18

15

21

< 0.001

  Non-Hispanic

61

64

65

63

 

53

51

55

 

  Not reported

24

23

22

24

 

30

35

25

 

Setting

 Region (%)

  California

59

59

57

63

< 0.001

59

53

65

< 0.001

  Florida

29

27

29

28

 

28

30

26

 

  Colorado

5

4

5

3

 

10

14

6

 

  Other

7

8

9

7

 

2

3

2

 

 Household Incomee

   < 40,000

13

13

13

13

0.001

12

12

12

0.11

  40,001-50,000

21

21

21

20

 

20

21

20

 

  50,001-63,000

25

25

25

24

 

26

26

25

 

   > 63,000

42

42

40

43

 

42

41

44

 

 Ruralityf

  Urban

85

84

83

85

0.002

90

88

91

< 0.001

  Suburban

6

6

7

6

 

5

6

5

 

  Rural

9

10

11

10

 

5

6

4

 

Clinical

 Baseline BMI

  Normal (< 25 kg/m2)

–

–

3

–

–

–

2

–

–

  Overweight (25–29 kg/m2)

–

–

32

–

 

–

26

–

 

  Obese (>  30 kg/m2)

–

–

65

–

 

–

73

–

 

 Screening Type (%)

  Blood Glucose Screeng

30

29

30

27

< 0.001

33

38

29

< 0.001

  Gestational Diabetes

1

1

1

1

0.22

2

2

1

< 0.001

  1. BMI body mass index, IQR Interquartile range
  2. aParticipants were considered referred after they registered and matched to a lifestyle change program per their preferences. Participants that lived more than 25 miles from closest in-person program were limited to online programs
  3. bDefined as high-risk adults who completed registration and collected baseline weight
  4. cp values estimating proportion ‘Enrolled’ vs ‘Not Enrolled’ using chi-2 tests for categorical variables, t-test for normally distributed and Wilcoxon tests for non-parametric continuous variables
  5. dIndividuals that self-identified as multiracial or did not report race were defined as ‘other’. Hawaiian/PI < 1%
  6. eHousehold income estimates based on participant zip codes using Zip Code Tabulation Area median household incomes from the US Census Data
  7. fRurality estimates based on participant zip codes using the Rural–Urban Commuting Area Codes (RUCA) which uses 2010 census data on the basis of population density, urbanization, and daily commuting patterns
  8. gFasting glucose of 100 to 125 mg/dl, plasma glucose measured 2 h after a 75 g glucose load of 140 to 199 mg/dl, or A1c of 5.7 to 6.4
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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