Table 1 Individual and contextual characteristics of live births by low birth weight status. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru; 2014
From: Urban social environment and low birth weight in 360 Latin American cities
|  |  | Low birth weight (<  2500 g) |  | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | No | Yes | Comparison | |
n = 4,531,699 | n = 4,177,549 | n = 354,150 | (t-test or χ2) p value | |
Maternal education, % distribution | ||||
 Less than primary | 9.3 | 9.2 | 11.2 | <  0.001 |
 At least primary but less than completed secondary | 49.5 | 49.5 | 49.0 |  |
 Complete secondary and above | 41.2 | 41.3 | 39.8 |  |
Maternal age, % distribution | ||||
  ≤ 19 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 18.1 | <  0.001 |
 20–24 | 26.2 | 26.4 | 23.9 |  |
 25–29 | 24.3 | 24.5 | 21.9 |  |
 30–34 | 19.9 | 19.8 | 20.0 |  |
  ≥ 35 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 16.1 |  |
City characteristics, mean (SD) | ||||
 Score of sub-city population educational attainment | 0.166 (1.381) | 0.164 (1.383) | 0.189 (1.350) | <  0.001 |
 Score of city social environment index | 0.219 (0.518) | 0.219 (0.517) | 0.216 (0.528) | <  0.001 |
 City gross domestic product, USD | 18,325 (9717) | 18,353 (9749) | 17,989 (9325) | <  0.001 |
 City population size, millions | 5.9 (7.2) | 5.9 (7.2) | 6.2 (7.3) | <  0.001 |
Countries, % distribution | ||||
 Argentina | 11.2 | 11.2 | 10.5 | <  0.001 |
 Brazil | 38.1 | 37.6 | 43.4 |  |
 Chile | 4.0 | 4.1 | 3.2 |  |
 Colombia | 8.9 | 8.8 | 10.8 |  |
 Costa Rica | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 |  |
 Guatemala | 1.6 | 1.5 | 2.8 |  |
 Mexico | 29.1 | 29.5 | 24.2 |  |
 Peru | 6.4 | 6.6 | 4.4 |  |