From: Exploring antenatal care utilization and intimate partner violence in Benin - are lives at stake?
Variable (reference group) | At least 4 visits | At least 8 visits | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | Stand. Error | Confidence Interval 95% | p-value | Odds Ratio | Stand. Error | Confidence Interval 95% | p-value | |
Ever Experienced IPV (never IPV) | 0.753** | (0.0691) | 0.628–0.901 | 0.002 | 0.865 | (0.129) | 0.646–1.159 | 0.332 |
Decision making (no decision making)a | 1.280* | (0.132) | 1.045–1.569 | 0.017 | 1.724** | (0.340) | 1.170–2.540 | 0.0059 |
Age Group (15–24) | ||||||||
 25–34 | 1.157 | (0.144) | 0.906–1.477 | 0.241 | 1.882** | (0.397) | 1.244–2.847 | 0.002 |
 35–49 | 1.470* | (0.235) | 1.074–2.013 | 0.016 | 2.194** | (0.572) | 1.315–3.662 | 0.003 |
 Lives in rural region (urban) | 1.075 | (0.125) | 0.855–1.352 | 0.537 | 0.843 | (0.142) | 0.606–1.173 | 0.310 |
Respondent Education (no education) | ||||||||
 Primary | 1.262 | (0.186) | 0.945–1.686 | 0.114 | 0.970 | (0.187) | 0.664–1.418 | 0.876 |
 Secondary or Higher | 3.806 | (3.053) | 0.788–18.40 | 0.096 | 1.313 | (0.484) | 0.636–2.710 | 0.461 |
Wealth Index (poorest) | ||||||||
 Poorer | 1.587*** | (0.196) | 1.245–2.022 | 0.000 | 1.301 | (0.395) | 0.716–2.364 | 0.387 |
 Middle | 1.857*** | (0.243) | 1.437–2.401 | 0.000 | 1.934* | (0.586) | 1.067–3.505 | 0.030 |
 Rich | 2.618*** | (0.363) | 1.994–3.438 | 0.000 | 2.618*** | (0.749) | 1.493–4.592 | 0.001 |
 Richest | 5.490*** | (0.951) | 3.907–7.714 | 0.000 | 5.780*** | (1.732) | 3.208–10.41 | 0.000 |
Respondent Employment | ||||||||
 Working (not working) | 0.904 | (0.143) | 0.662–1.233 | 0.522 | 1.100 | (0.298) | 0.646–1.872 | 0.725 |
 Paid for work (not paid for work) | 1.451** | (0.190) | 1.122–1.876 | 0.005 | 0.890 | (0.229) | 0.537–1.476 | 0.652 |
Number of ever children (one child) | ||||||||
 2–4 children | 0.680** | (0.093) | 0.519–0.891 | 0.005 | 0.573** | (0.122) | 0.377–0.870 | 0.010 |
 5 or more children | 0.589** | (0.108) | 0.411–0.846 | 0.004 | 0.542* | (0.153) | 0.311–0.945 | 0.031 |
Religion (Muslim) | ||||||||
 Catholic | 1.983*** | (0.277) | 1.507–2.610 | 0.000 | 1.651* | (0.393) | 1.034–2.637 | 0.036 |
 Christian | 2.942*** | (0.411) | 2.236–3.870 | 0.000 | 2.838*** | (0.626) | 1.840–4.378 | 0.000 |
 Traditional | 1.717** | (0.287) | 1.237–2.384 | 0.001 | 1.549 | (0.564) | 0.758–3.166 | 0.230 |
 Other | 2.990*** | (0.559) | 2.072–4.317 | 0.000 | 1.863* | (0.574) | 1.017–3.412 | 0.040 |
 No religion | 1.687* | (0.350) | 1.122–2.537 | 0.0121 | 2.840** | (1.129) | 1.301–6.200 | 0.009 |
Husband/Partner Education (no education) | ||||||||
 Primary | 1.165 | (0.132) | 0.932–1.456 | 0.179 | 1.440* | (0.253) | 1.020–2.033 | 0.039 |
 Secondary or Higher | 1.738* | (0.411) | 1.093–2.764 | 0.020 | 1.724* | (0.386) | 1.110–2.678 | 0.015 |
 Unknown | 1.063 | (0.244) | 0.677–1.667 | 0.791 | 1.079 | (0.366) | 0.554–2.101 | 0.824 |
 Husband employed (not employed) | 1.066 | (0.379) | 0.531–2.144 | 0.856 | 1.015 | (0.602) | 0.317–3.252 | 0.980 |
 Husband Drinks (does not drink) | 0.890 | (0.0938) | 0.723–1.094 | 0.268 | 0.980 | (0.180) | 0.683–1.406 | 0.912 |
 Wife-beating justified (not justified) | 1.077 | (0.103) | 0.893–1.298 | 0.439 | 1.071 | (0.164) | 0.792–1.447 | 0.657 |
 Constant | 0.273** | (0.108) | 0.125–0.594 | 0.001 | 0.0144*** | (0.010) | 0.00389–0.0534 | 0.000 |
 Observations | 3084 |  |  |  | 3084 |  |  |  |