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Table 2 HPV vaccination uptake among girls offered HPV vaccine during 2009–2014 (n = 177,387)

From: Time trends in HPV vaccination according to country background: a nationwide register-based study among girls in Norway

 

HPV vaccine uptakea

n (%)

Univariable modelb

Multivariable modelb,c

RD (95% CI)

P-value

RD (95% CI)

P-value

Country backgroundd

 Norway

131,185 (82.6)

0 (Ref)

 

0 (Ref)

 

 Western Europe

1544 (74.5)

−8.1 (−10.1 to −6.2)

<  0.001

−7.9 (−9.7 to −6.1)

<  0.001

 Central- and Eastern Europe

3098 (79.7)

−2.9 (−4.2 to − 1.7)

<  0.001

−3.3 (−4.6 to − 2.1)

<  0.001

 Middle East and North Africa

3079 (82.6)

−0.1 (− 1.3 to 1.2)

0.91

0.8 (− 0.4 to 2.0)

0.20

 South-Asia

2925 (87.2)

4.5 (3.4 to 5.7)

<  0.001

4.9 (3.8 to 5.9)

<  0.001

 East−/South-East Asia

1987 (88.9)

6.2 (4.9 to 7.5)

<  0.001

5.4 (4.3 to 6.6)

<  0.001

 Sub-Saharan Africa

2130 (76.8)

−5.9 (−7.4 to −4.3)

<  0.001

−3.4 (− 5.0 to − 1.8)

<  0.001

 America and Oceania

455 (76.5)

−6.2 (−9.5 to − 2.7)

<  0.001

− 5.5 (− 8.8 to − 2.2)

0.001

Year of birth (Programme year)e

 1997 (2009)

21,896 (72.5)

0 (Ref)

 

0 (Ref)

 

 1998 (2010)

24,086 (81.1)

8.5 (7.9 to 9.2)

<  0.001

8.6 (8.0 to 9.3)

<  0.001

 1999 (2011)

25,136 (83.5)

11.0 (10.4 to 11.7)

<  0.001

11.2 (10.5 to 11.8)

<  0.001

 2000 (2012)

25,463 (84.6)

12.1 (11.5 to 12.8)

<  0.001

12.4 (11.7 to 13.0)

<  0.001

 2001 (2013)

25,104 (86.8)

14.3 (13.7 to 14.9)

<  0.001

14.4 (13.8 to 15.1)

<  0.001

 2002 (2014)

24,718 (87.3)

14.8 (14.1 to 15.4)

< 0.001

15.1 (14.5 to 15.7)

<  0.001

Parental education (years of schooling)

 Primary school/compulsory level

26,946 (82.0)

0 (Ref)

 

0 (Ref)

 

 Upper secondary level

55,157 (82.7)

0.7 (0.2 to 1.2)

0.007

−0.1 (−0.6 to 0.4)

0.64

 Higher education, undergraduate level

52,132 (82.8)

0.8 (0.2 to 1.3)

0.004

−0.8 (−1.4 to − 0.3)

0.001

 Higher education, graduate level

12,168 (82.2)

0.2 (−0.6 to 0.9)

0.63

−1.6 (−2.3 to − 0.8)

<  0.001

Household income quintile (NOK)

 1 (≤ 575,319)

27,687 (79.7)

0 (Ref)

 

0 (Ref)

 

 2 (575320–811,300)

28,874 (81.5)

1.8 (1.2 to 2.4)

<  0.001

1.4 (0.9 to 2.0)

<  0.001

 3 (811301–988,227)

29,888 (83.7)

4.0 (3.4 to 4.5)

<  0.001

3.7 (3.1 to 4.2)

<  0.001

 4 (988228–1,251,798)

29,972 (83.8)

4.1 (3.5 to 4.6)

<  0.001

4.2 (3.7 to 4.8)

<  0.001

 5 (≥ 1,251,799)

29,982 (83.9)

4.1 (3.5 to 4.7)

<  0.001

4.9 (4.3 to 5.5)

<  0.001

Number of siblings

 0

6558 (80.0)

0 (Ref)

 

0 (Ref)

 

 1

55,421 (83.7)

3.7 (2.8 to 4.6)

<  0.001

2.9 (2.0 to 3.8)

<  0.001

 2

52,142 (83.5)

3.5 (2.6 to 4.4)

<  0.001

2.5 (1.7 to 3.4)

<  0.001

 3

19,825 (80.7)

0.8 (−0.2 to 1.8)

0.13

0.4 (− 0.5 to 1.4)

0.37

  ≥ 4

12,457 (78.3)

−1.7 (−2.8 to − 0.6)

0.002

−1.2 (− 2.3 to − 0.2)

0.02

Maternal age at time of daughter’s birth (years)

  ≤ 25

32,515 (83.5)

0 (Ref)

 

0 (Ref)

 

 26–30

53,690 (83.6)

0.1 (−0.4 to 0.5)

0.81

−0.8 (−1.3 to − 0.4)

<  0.001

 31–35

42,760 (82.3)

− 1.2 (− 1.7 to − 0.7)

<  0.001

−2.3 (− 2.8 to − 1.8)

<  0.001

  > 35

17,438 (78.4)

−5.1 (−5.8 to −4.5)

<  0.001

−5.4 (−6.1 to −4.8)

<  0.001

Region of residence

 Oslo

12,968 (81.6)

0 (Ref)

 

0 (Ref)

 

 Eastern-Norway

37,721 (83.3)

1.7 (1.0 to 2.4)

<  0.001

1.1 (0.4 to 1.8)

0.001

 Southern-Norway

28,671 (82.2)

0.6 (− 0.2 to 1.3)

0.13

0.1 (− 0.6 to 0.9)

0.69

 Western-Norway

32,551 (82.9)

1.2 (0.5 to 2.0)

0.001

0.4 (−0.3 to 1.1)

0.28

 Mid-Norway

20,321 (81.5)

−0.2 (− 0.9 to 0.6)

0.68

− 0.6 (− 1.3 to 0.2

0.15

 Northern-Norway

14,171 (82.8)

1.2 (0.4 to 2.0)

0.005

0.7 (−0.1 to 1.5)

0.09

  1. HPV human papillomavirus, RD risk difference, CI confidence interval
  2. a Receipt of at least one dose of HPV vaccine
  3. b Risk differences are estimated with linear binomial regression
  4. c The model included country background, year of birth, parental education level, household income, number of siblings, maternal age at time of
  5. daughter’s birth, and region of residence
  6. d List of countries in each category is provided in the Supplementary table
  7. e Each programme year, the vaccine was offered to only one birth cohort