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Table 4 Results from the generalized linear model to predict the direct non-specific medical costs (EUR) by self-reported mental distress, controlled for socio-demographic characteristics of the sample

From: Socio-economic consequences of mental distress: quantifying the impact of self-reported mental distress on the days of incapacity to work and medical costs in a two-year period: a longitudinal study in Germany

 

Non-specific costs in the first year

Non-specific costs in the second year

M

95% CI

Exp(B)

95% CI

p-value

M

95% CI

Exp(B)

95% CI

p-value

Constant

   

1217.15

1016.57

1457.31

< .001

   

1302.23

1082.57

1566.46

< .001

Gender

 Malea

2799.9

2174.8

3604.7

1.00

   

3142.1

2415.0

4088.0

1.00

   

 Female

3191.1

2527.0

4029.9

1.14

1.00

1.30

.053

3207.3

2507.0

4103.3

1.02

0.89

1.17

.761

Age groups

 18–33 yearsa

2682.3

2078.7

3461.0

1.00

   

2760.1

2111.1

3608.7

1.00

   

 34–49 years

3008.9

2370.6

3819.0

1.12

0.99

1.27

.072

3099.7

2413.6

3980.9

1.12

0.98

1.28

.083

 50–65 years

3309.2

2613.7

4189.8

1.23

1.09

1.40

.001

3739.3

2917.0

4793.3

1.35

1.19

1.54

< .001

Marital status

 Marrieda

2947.5

2330.6

3727.7

1.00

   

3055.6

2387.9

3909.9

1.00

   

 Not married

3031.3

2380.1

3860.7

1.03

0.94

1.13

.545

3298.1

2557.3

4253.5

1.08

0.98

1.19

.108

Years of school education

 13 years (A-Level)a

3059.7

2401.1

3899.0

1.00

   

2833.3

2193.2

3660.3

1.00

   

 10 years

2870.0

2267.9

3632.0

0.94

0.85

1.04

.221

2609.4

2033.0

3349.1

0.92

0.83

1.03

.131

 9 years

3123.5

2466.3

3955.8

1.02

0.91

1.15

.731

3620.8

2822.6

4644.8

1.28

1.13

1.44

< .001

 No school-leaving certificate

2910.6

2099.8

4034.4

0.95

0.73

1.23

.707

3793.8

2732.5

5267.5

1.34

1.04

1.73

.024

Employment Status

 Employeda

2111.4

1923.4

2317.9

1.00

   

2474.8

2253.9

2717.2

1.00

   

 Unemployed

4231.7

2693.3

6648.7

2.00

1.27

3.16

.003

4072.2

2522.1

6574.8

1.65

1.01

2.67

.044

Mental distress category (HADS)

 No casea

2031.0

1588.2

2597.4

1.00

   

2259.5

1744.5

2926.6

1.00

   

 Mild case

2329.7

1810.8

2997.2

1.15

1.03

1.27

.010

2635.1

2024.0

3430.7

1.17

1.05

1.30

.005

 Moderate case

3048.4

2389.3

3889.4

1.50

1.36

1.66

< .001

3292.0

2546.0

4256.6

1.46

1.31

1.62

< .001

 Severe case

5543.7

4273.8

7167.5

2.73

2.30

3.23

< .001

5181.3

3952.3

6792.3

2.29

1.92

2.74

< .001

  1. Note. N = 2.287. t0 Assessment of predictor variables, M Mean non-specific direct costs in Euro per person and year, CI 95% confidence interval, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. areference category. Method = log-link function, Tweedie-distribution of residuals