Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of participants stratified by sex and group
From: Sleep and BMI in South African urban and rural, high and low-income preschool children
|  | All (n = 198) | Boys (n = 98) | Girls (n = 100) | P-value | Rural Low (n = 111) | Urban Low (n = 65) | Urban High (n = 22) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 5.19 ± 0.69 | 5.29 ± 0.70 | 5.09 ± 0.67 | 0.037 | 5.05 ± 0.64a | 5.36 ± 0.71a | 5.38 ± 0.74 | 0.006 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 15.4 (14.3, 16.2) | 15.5 (14.9, 16.2) | 14.9 (14.1, 16.1) | 0.009 | 15.1 (14.1, 16.0) | 15.8 (14.9, 16.7)b | 14.8 (14.3, 15.5) | 0.001 |
BMI-z score | 0.05 (−0.72, 0.68) | 0.16 (− 0.34, 0.73) | − 0.23 (− 0.85, 0.53) | 0.017 | −0.08 (− 0.83, 0.53) | 0.39 (− 0.27, 0.99)b | −0.38 (− 0.88, 0.11) | 0.001 |
HAZ | −0.31 ± 1.01 | −0.34 ± 0.98 | −0.27 ± 1.04 | 0.658 | −0.36 ± 0.97 | −0.42 ± 1.03b | 0.32 ± 0.99 | 0.007 |
WAZ | − 0.17 ± 1.02 | −0.09 ± 0.90 | −0.25 ± 1.13 | 0.271 | −0.30 ± 0.96 | −0.02 ± 1.15 | −0.02 ± 0.87 | 0.167 |
Thinness (%) | 20.7 | 14.0 | 27.0 | 0.062 | 26.1 | 10.8b | 22.7 | Â |
Normal (%) | 71.2 | 77.0 | 64.0 | 68.5 | 73.8 | 77.3 | 0.017 | |
Overweight/obese (%) | 8.1 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 5.4 | 15.4b | 0 | Â | |
SB (min/d) | 308.8 (279.3, 340.3) | 308.2 (272.8, 337.3) | 310.0 (281.6, 341.7) | 0.509 | 292.1 (263.8, 330.6)b | 321.1 (298.2, 345.7) | 321.3 (304.5, 347.8) | < 0.001 |
LPA (min/d) | 337.8 ± 37.2 | 334.3 ± 37.3 | 341.3 ± 39.7 | 0.072 | 343.6 ± 35.6 | 339.1 ± 37.1 | 304.9 ± 29.0b | < 0.001 |
MVPA (min/d) | 123.6 (102.4, 146.9) | 138.2 (110.3, 155.4) | 112.6 (91.9, 134.4) | < 0.001 | 121.8 (97.5, 146.9) | 132.6 (112.8, 154.0) | 112.0 (94.3, 132.0) | 0.125 |
LMVPA (min/d) | 464.1 ± 56.3 | 471.5 ± 56.9 | 456.8 ± 55.1 | 0.065 | 469.9 ± 54.8 | 469.8 ± 55.2 | 417.5 ± 46.9b | < 0.001 |