Table 1 Variables, data sources, and calculation methods by cost component
Cost component | Variable | Description | Value | Calculation method | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct cost | |||||
Medical cost | |||||
| Â | Total cost covered by insurance | Total annual cost covered by insurance in 2017, calculated by target groups | 10,120 million USD (in base-case) | A | 1) |
| Â | Ratio of out-of-pocket expense to payment for covered services | To estimate cost not covered by insurance | 0.248 | B | 2) |
| Â | Consumer Price Index | On healthcare component | 1.006 | C | 3) |
|  | Total medical cost | Total annual cost including cost covered and not covered by insurance in 2019 | 12,710 million USD (in base-case) | D = A × B × C |  |
Nonmedical costs (transportation) | |||||
| Â | Round trip unit cost | Cost per patient for outpatient | 9.0 USD | E | 4) |
| Â | Round trip unit cost | Cost per patient for inpatient | 22.7 USD | F | 4) |
| Â | Number of visits | Per patient for outpatient | 9.51 | G | 1) |
| Â | Number of visits | Per patient for inpatient | 0.59 | H | 1) |
| Â | Number of patients with diabetes | Â | 4,472,133 (in base-case) | I | Â |
|  | Total nonmedical cost | Total annual cost in 2019 | 442 million USD (in base-case) | J = (E × G + F × H) × I |  |
Total direct cost | 13,151 million USD (in base-case) | D + J |  | ||
Indirect cost | |||||
Caregiver’s cost | |||||
| Â | Care rate (inpatients employing a caregiver/total inpatients) | Â | 69.70% | K | 5) |
| Â | Daily charge of a caregiver | Â | 64.8 | L | 5) |
| Â | Average annual inpatient days per patient due to diabetes | Â | 9.2 | M | 1) |
|  | Total caregiver’s cost | 1860 million USD (in base-case) | N=K × L × M |  | |
Productivity loss cost due to morbidity | |||||
| Â | age | Â | i | 1) | |
| Â | gender | Â | j | 1) | |
| Â | Average annual hospitalization days with diabetic patients | Per patient by age and gender | Iij | 1) | |
| Â | Average daily income | By age and gender | Dij | 6) | |
|  | Employment rates | Rates of 20–65 by age (i) and gender (g) | Pij | 7) | |
| Â | Average annual outpatient days with diabetic patients | Per patient by age and gender | Oij | 1) | |
|  | Average hours per outpatient visit |  | V = 1.3 | 5) | |
| Â | Average hourly wage | By age and gender | Hij | 6) | |
| Â | Total productivity loss cost due to morbidity | 1461 million USD (in base-case) | Q | Â | |
Productivity loss cost due to premature mortality | Â | ||||
|  | Difference between the life expectancy of the age cohort of death and the age at the time of death | 1, 2, …, n | k | 8) | |
| Â | Age at the time of death | Â | t | 1) | |
|  | Annual discount rate | Per patient by age and gender | r = 5% | 9) | |
|  | Wage growth rate | By age and gender | ω | 6) | |
| Â | Number of deaths caused by diabetes | By age and gender | Nij | 1) | |
| Â | Average annual income | By age and gender at age at the time of death | Yij | 6) | |
|  | Employment rate at the time of (t + k) | By age and gender | Pij(t + k) | 7) | |
| Â | Total productivity loss cost due to morbidity | Â | 1820 million USD (in base-case) | S | Â |
Total indirect cost | 5141 million USD (in base-case) | N + Q + S |  | ||