Perceived quality of care among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the north east region of peninsular Malaysia

Nordin, Noorfariza; Hairon, Suhaily Mohd; Yaacob, Najib Majdi; Hamid, Anees Abdul; Isa, Seoparjoo Azmel Mohd; Hassan, Norzaihan

doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10320-y

Table 3 Factors associated with overall PACIC-M score among people with T2DM treated in primary health care clinics in Kelantan (n = 772)

From: Perceived quality of care among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the north east region of peninsular Malaysia

Variables	n (%)	Overall PACIC-M score	Simple Linear Regression		Multiple Linear Regression^a
Variables	n (%)	Mean (SD)	Crude b (95% CI)	p-value	Adj. b (95% CI)	t-stat	p-value
Age			−0.011 (− 0.02, − 0.01)	< 0.001	− 0.008 (− 0.012, − 0.005)	−4.59	< 0.001
Age
< 60 years old	338 (43.8)	2.73 (0.57)	Ref
≥ 60 years old	434 (56.2)	2.59 (0.51)	−0.133 (− 0.210, − 0.057)	0.001
Sex
Male	245 (31.7)	2.62 (0.54)	Ref
Female	527 (68.3)	2.67 (0.54)	0.045 (−0.037, 0.128)	0.279
Race
Non-Malay	34 (4.4)	2.49 (0.57)	Ref
Malay	738 (95.6)	2.66 (0.54)	0.171 (−0.015, 0.358)	0.071
Marital status
Single/widowed	210 (27.2)	2.61 (0.50)	Ref
Married	562 (72.8)	2.67 (0.56)	0.051 (−0.035, 0.137)	0.242
Employment status
Unemployed	566 (73.3)	2.65 (0.52)	Ref
Employed	206 (26.7)	2.65 (0.59)	−0.007 (− 0.093,0.080)	0.878
Duration of DM, years			0.006 (−0.002, 0.014)	0.143
Number of diabetic complications			−0.018 (− 0.070, 0.034)	0.506
HbA1c			0.020 (0.003, 0.036)	0.019	0.025 (0.010, 0.040)	3.24	0.001
HbA1c
≤ 6.5%	126 (16.3)	2.51 (0.53)	Ref
> 6.5%	646 (83.7)	2.68 (0.54)	0.169 (0.066, 0.272)	0.001
Clinic type
Non-FDC	10 (50.0)	2.66 (0.57)	Ref
FDC	10 (50.0)	2.65 (0.52)	−0.008 (− 0.085, 0.069)	0.844
Average number of people with T2DM visited clinic per day			0.000 (−0.003, 0.004)	0.834
Number of medical officers			−0.022 (− 0.034, − 0.009)	0.001	− 0.021 (− 0.031, − 0.010)	−3.68	0.001
Number of diabetic educators			−0.035 (− 0.080, 0.010)	0.127
SKIP-11 domain score
Distress relief			0.068 (0.054, 0.081)	< 0.001	0.033 (0.018, 0.048)	4.29	< 0.001
Rapport			0.084 (0.070, 0.097)	< 0.001	0.056 (0.039, 0.072)	6.76	< 0.001
Interaction outcome			0.039 (0.024, 0.054)	< 0.001	0.022 (0.007, 0.036)	2.93	0.003

^aConstant 1.382; Adjusted R² = 23.1%; Stepwise, backward and forward multiple linear regression method applied; model assumptions were fulfilled; no multicollinearity and no interaction detected
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ISSN: 1471-2458

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