Table 1 Characteristics of the study subjects (N = 283)
Quality of sleep | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | n (%) | Good n (%) | Poor n (%) | |
Age (years) (59 ± 7.3) | 0.020# | |||
< 65 | 227 (80.2) | 161 (70.9) | 66 (29.1) | |
65 ~ 74 | 45 (15.9) | 38 (54.4) | 7 (15.6) | |
≥ 75 | 11 (3.9) | 5 (45.5) | 6 (54.5) | |
Sex | 0.317 | |||
Male | 60 (21.2) | 47 (78.3) | 13 (21.7) | |
Female | 223 (78.8) | 157 (71.2) | 66 (22.6) | |
Religious beliefs | 0.513 | |||
No | 61 (21.6) | 46 (75.4) | 15 (24.6) | |
sYes | 222 (78.4) | 158 (71.2) | 64 (28.8) | |
Smoking history | 0.284 | |||
No | 268 (94.7) | 195 (72.8) | 73 (27.2) | |
Yes | 15 (5.3) | 9 (60.0) | 6 (40.0) | |
Alcohol consumption | 0.048 | |||
No | 232 (82.0) | 162 (69.8) | 70 (30.2) | |
At least once a week | 51 (18.0) | 42 (82.4) | 9 (17.6) | |
Tea consumption | 0.407 | |||
No | 116 (41.0) | 85 (73.3) | 31 (26.7) | |
At least once a week | 167 (59.0) | 119 (72.3) | 48 (28.7) | |
Coffee consumption | 0.521 | |||
No | 110 (38.9) | 79 (71.8) | 31 (28.2) | |
At least once a week | 173 (61.1) | 125 (72.3) | 48 (27.7) | |
Regular exercise | 0.526 | |||
No | 143 (50.5) | 101 (70.6) | 42 (29.4) | |
Yes | 140 (49.5) | 103 (73.6) | 37 (26.4) | |
Chronic disease a | 0.025 | |||
No | 121 (42.8) | 95 (78.5) | 26 (21.5) | |
Yes | 162 (57.2) | 109 (67.3) | 53 (32.7) | |
Heart disease | 0.017 | |||
No | 250 (88.3) | 186 (74.4) | 64 (25.6) | |
Yes | 33 (11.7) | 18 (54.5) | 15 (45.5) | |
Arthritis | 0.002 | |||
No | 258 (91.2) | 193 (74.8) | 65 (25.2) | |
Yes | 25 (8.8) | 11 (44.0) | 14 (56.0) | |
Physical activity b (Mets) | 0.949# | |||
Low | 15 (5.7) | 11 (73.3) | 4 (26.7) | |
Moderate | 135 (51.1) | 95 (70.4) | 40 (29.6) | |
High | 114 (43.2) | 83 (72.8) | 31 (27.2) | |
Depressive symptoms c | 0.004 | |||
No | 264 (94.0) | 195 (73.9) | 69 (26.1) | |
Yes | 17 (6.0) | 7 (41.2) | 10 (58.8) | |