Table 2 Trends of diarrhea prevalence among under-five children by selected characteristics in Ethiopia
Point difference in diarrhea prevalence | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Characteristics | 2000 N = 10,753 | 2005 N = 10,039 | 2011 N = 10,946 | 2016 N = 10,337 | Phase1 (2005–2000) | Phase2 (2011–2005) | Phase3 2016–2011 | Over all (2016–2000) |
Sex of child | Male | 26.3 | 18.1 | 14.4 | 12.2 | −8.2 | −4.1 | −2.2 | −14.1 |
Female | 24.9 | 18.1 | 12.6 | 11.5 | −6.8 | −5.5 | −1.1 | −13.4 | |
Twin | Yes | 19.3 | 14.8 | 23.6 | 13.8 | −4.5 | 4.3 | −5.5 | −7.5 |
No | 25.7 | 18.2 | 13.4 | 11.8 | −7.5 | −4.8 | −1.6 | −13.9 | |
Weight of child at birth | Small | 26.3 | 20 | 14.9 | 15.7 | −6.3 | −5.9 | 0.8 | −10.6 |
Average | 23.3 | 15.5 | 12.6 | 9.8 | −7.8 | −2.9 | −2.8 | −13.5 | |
Big | 27.5 | 19.8 | 13.5 | 11.6 | −7.7 | −6.3 | −1.9 | − 15.9 | |
Birth order | First | 27.2 | 17.5 | 11.2 | 13.1 | −9.7 | −6.3 | 1.9 | −14.1 |
2–3 | 26.6 | 16.7 | 13.4 | 12.4 | −9.9 | −3.3 | −1 | 14.2 | |
4–5 | 25.4 | 20.9 | 14.7 | 12 | −4.5 | −6.2 | −2.7 | −13.4 | |
= > 6 | 23.8 | 17.8 | 14.4 | 10.4 | −6 | −3.4 | −4 | −13.4 | |
Birth interval | = < 23 month | 25.2 | 17.6 | 10.4 | 9.9 | −7.6 | −7.2 | −0.5 | −15.3 |
= > 24 month | 24.9 | 18.4 | 14.3 | 11.6 | −6.5 | −4.1 | −2.7 | −13.3 | |
Age of child | < 1 year | 27.3 | 21.3 | 17.2 | 14.7 | −6 | −4.1 | −2.5 | −12.6 |
= > 1 < 2 year | 37.2 | 28.4 | 22.8 | 17.8 | −8.8 | −5.6 | −5 | −19.4 | |
= > 2 < 3 year | 28.7 | 18.6 | 14.1 | 13 | −10.1 | − 4.5 | − 1.1 | − 15.7 | |
= > 3 < 4 year | 19.2 | 12.6 | 9 | 9.2 | −6.6 | −3.6 | 0.2 | −10 | |
= > 4 < 5 year | 15.7 | 10.2 | 6 | 4.8 | −5.5 | −4.2 | −1.2 | − 10.9 | |
Breast feeding | Still feeding | 31.2 | 23.2 | 18.4 | 12 | −8 | −4.8 | −6.4 | −19.2 |
Ever feed but not now | 20 | 12.7 | 9.1 | 11.9 | −7.3 | −3.6 | 2.8 | −8.1 | |
Never feed | 36.2 | 19.1 | 13.5 | 10.3 | −17.1 | −5.6 | −3.2 | − 25.9 | |
Rotavirus vaccine | Vaccinated | – | – | – | 12.5 | – | – | – | – |
Not vaccinated | – | – | – | 11.6 | – | – | – | – | |
Measles’ vaccine | Vaccinated | 22.6 | 20 | 14 | 13.2 | −2.6 | −6 | −0.8 | −9.4 |
Not vaccinated | 26.7 | 17.7 | 13.3 | 18.2 | −9 | −4.4 | 4.9 | −8.5 | |
Vitamin A supplemented | Yes | 24.9 | 19.4 | 13.6 | 12.8 | −5.5 | − 5.8 | −0.8 | − 12.1 |
No | 25.5 | 17.3 | 13.3 | 11.4 | −8.2 | −4 | −1.9 | − 14.1 | |
Mothers work status | had work | 26.7 | 18.5 | 13.2 | 11.3 | −8.2 | −5.3 | −1.9 | − 15.4 |
had no work | 24.8 | 18 | 14.1 | 13.3 | −6.8 | −3.9 | −0.8 | −11.5 | |
Wealth index | Poor | – | 19.1 | 13.8 | 12.6 | – | −5.3 | −1.2 | – |
Medium | – | 19.8 | 13.2 | 12.5 | – | −6.6 | −0.7 | – | |
Rich | – | 15.9 | 13.5 | 12.6 | – | −2.4 | −0.9 | – | |
Health insurance | Yes | – | – | 10.3 | 10.8 | – | – | 0.5 | – |
No | – | – | 13.6 | 11.9 | – | – | −1.7 | – | |
Distance to health facility | Not long | – | 16.3 | 12.1 | 12.6 | – | −4.2 | 0.5 | – |
Long | – | 18.7 | 14 | 11.4 | – | −4.7 | −2.6 | – | |
Continuation of above table | |||||||||
Variables | Characteristics | Point difference in diarrhea prevalence | |||||||
2000 N = 10,753 | 2005 N = 10,039 | 2011 N = 10,946 | 2016 N = 10,337 | Phase1 (2005–2000) | Phase2 (2011–2005) | Phase3 2016–2011 | Over all (2016–2000) | ||
Residence | Urban | 21.1 | 12.3 | 11.2 | 10.9 | −8.8 | −1.1 | −0.3 | − 10.2 |
Rural | 26.2 | 18.6 | 13.9 | 12 | −7.6 | −4.7 | −1.9 | − 14.2 | |
Region | Tigray | 17.9 | 12.9 | 13.4 | 13 | −5 | 0.5 | −0.4 | −4.9 |
Afar | 20.6 | 13.5 | 12.7 | 11.5 | −7.1 | −0.8 | −1.2 | −9.1 | |
Amhara | 20.3 | 14.7 | 13.7 | 13.8 | −5.6 | −1 | 0.1 | −6.5 | |
Oromia | 27.2 | 17.8 | 11.5 | 10.7 | −9.4 | −6.3 | −0.8 | −16.5 | |
Somali | 22.8 | 12.4 | 20 | 6.1 | −10.4 | 7.6 | −13.9 | − 16.7 | |
B/Gumuz | 26.9 | 21.3 | 23.2 | 8.8 | −5.6 | 1.9 | −14.4 | − 18.1 | |
SNNP | 32.5 | 25.2 | 16.5 | 14 | −7.3 | −8.7 | −2.5 | −18.5 | |
Gambella | 32 | 14.3 | 22.9 | 16 | −17.7 | 8.6 | −6.9 | −16 | |
Harari | 26.1 | 19 | 11.5 | 12.5 | −7.1 | − 7.5 | 1 | −13.6 | |
Addis Ababa | 16.8 | 13.6 | 9.6 | 7.7 | −3.2 | −4 | −1.6 | −9.1 | |
Dire-Dawa | 25.7 | 11.8 | 8.3 | 11.6 | −13.9 | −3.5 | 3.3 | −14.1 | |
Mother’s educational level | No formal education | 26.2 | 18.3 | 14 | 11.3 | −7.9 | −4.3 | −2.7 | −14.9 |
Primary | 24.1 | 19.5 | 12.8 | 13.3 | −4.6 | −6.7 | 0.5 | −10.8 | |
Secondary | 19.4 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 14.7 | −8.7 | −0.1 | 4.1 | −4.7 | |
Higher | 41.7 | 2.4 | 11.3 | 7.3 | −39.3 | 8.9 | −4 | −34.4 | |
Father’s educational level | No formal education | 25 | 18.2 | 13.7 | 10.5 | −6.8 | −4.5 | −3.2 | −14.5 |
Primary | 29.1 | 19.2 | 14 | 13.4 | −9.9 | −5.2 | −0.6 | −15.7 | |
Secondary | 20.8 | 14.7 | 11.6 | 12.8 | −6.1 | −3.1 | 1.2 | −8 | |
Higher | 22.1 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 10 | −15.8 | 4.3 | −0.6 | −12.1 | |
Sex of household head | Male | 25.7 | 18.2 | 13.4 | 12.2 | −7.5 | −4.8 | −1.2 | −13.5 |
Female | 24.9 | 17.3 | 14.2 | 9.9 | −7.6 | −3.1 | −4.3 | −15 | |
Media exposure | Yes | 24.3 | 16.1 | 13.4 | 14 | −8.2 | −2.7 | 0.6 | 10.3 |
No | 25.7 | 18.4 | 13.6 | 11.4 | −7.3 | −4.8 | −2.2 | −14.3 | |
family members | = < 5 | 27.9 | 18.1 | 13.7 | 10.5 | −9.8 | −4.4 | −3.2 | −17.4 |
= > 6 | 23.9 | 18 | 13.4 | 13.6 | −5.9 | −4.6 | 0.2 | −10.3 | |
Number of U-5 children | = < 2 | 25.8 | 18.9 | 13.6 | 12.6 | −6.9 | −5.3 | −1 | −13.2 |
= > 3 | 24.4 | 18 | 13.5 | 8.4 | −6.4 | −10.9 | −5.1 | − 16 | |
Drinking water | Improved | 25.1 | 16.6 | 12.6 | 12 | −8.5 | −4 | −0.6 | − 13.1 |
Not improved | 25.7 | 19.9 | 14.6 | 11.4 | −5.8 | −5.3 | −3.2 | −14.3 | |
Child waste disposal | Safe | 24.3 | 19.4 | 14.2 | 14.6 | −4.9 | −5.2 | 0.4 | −9.3 |
Not safe | 25.8 | 17.9 | 13.7 | 10.8 | −7.9 | −4.2 | −2.9 | −15 | |
Type of toilet | Improved | 23.6 | 20.7 | 12 | 9.8 | − 2.9 | −8.7 | − 2.2 | −13.8 |
Not improved | 25.9 | 17.9 | 13.8 | 11.6 | −8 | −4.1 | −2.2 | −14.3 | |