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Table 5 Multivariable analysis

From: Factors associated with alcohol use disorder: the role of depression, anxiety, stress, alexithymia and work fatigue- a population study in Lebanon

Model 1: Logistic regression taking the dichotomous alcohol use disorder scale score (low vs. high risk) as the dependent variable and the sociodemographic characteristics as independent variables.

 

OR

p-value

Confidence interval

Lower Bound

Lower Bound

Gender (females vs malesa)

0.431

< 0.001

0.308

0.605

Divorced vs singlea

6.723

0.018

1.379

32.784

Number of kids

0.656

< 0.001

0.526

0.819

Secondary education level vs illiteratea

0.272

0.083

0.062

1.185

University education level vs illiteratea

0.204

0.030

0.048

0.860

Variables entered: Gender, Marital status, number of kids, education level

Model 2: Logistic regression taking the dichotomous alcohol use disorder scale score (low vs. high risk) as the dependent variable.

Gender (females vs malesa)

0.460

< 0.001

0.305

0.694

Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)

1.030

0.004

1.009

1.051

Depression score (HAM-D)

1.076

< 0.001

1.050

1.103

Emotional management

0.962

0.005

0.937

0.988

Suicidal ideation score

1.253

0.027

1.026

1.531

Number of kids

0.863

0.037

0.752

0.991

Variables entered: Gender, Marital status, number of kids, education level, TAS_20, HAMD score, HAMA score, PSC score, Liebowitz score, Emotional awareness score, Emotional management score, Social emotional awareness score, Relationship management score, MBI - Emotional exhaustion, MBI - Personal accomplishment, MBI - Depersonalization, Suicidal ideation score.

Model 3: Linear regression taking the continuous AUDIT score as the dependent variable and all the scales as independent variables.

 

Unstandardized Beta

Standardized Beta

p-value

Confidence interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Depression score (HAM-D)

0.282

0.354

< 0.001

0.220

0.344

Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)

0.146

0.189

< 0.001

0.093

0.200

Suicidal ideation score

0.855

0.134

< 0.001

0.385

1.325

Emotional management

−0.079

−0.078

0.030

−0.150

−0.008

Gender (females vs malesa)

−2.647

−0.160

< 0.001

−3.771

−1.523

Secondary education vs illiteratea

−2.476

−0.103

0.012

−4.415

−0.538

University education vs illiteratea

− 2.579

−0.148

< 0.001

−4.024

− 1.134

Intermediate vs lowa SES

1.167

0.067

0.050

0.001

2.333

Variables entered: Age, Gender, SES, education level, TAS_20, HAMD score, HAMA score, PSC score, Liebowitz score, Emotional awareness score, Emotional management score, Social emotional awareness score, Relationship management score, MBI - Emotional exhaustion, MBI - Personal accomplishment, MBI - Depersonalization, Suicidal ideation score.

aSES = socioeconomic status (Reference = low socioeconomic status).

Model 4: Linear regression taking the continuous AUDIT score as the dependent variable and four factors obtained in the factor analysis as independent variables.

Mental Wellbeing (Factor 1)

−0.817

−0.099

0.008

−1.417

−0.217

Psychological distress (Factor 2)

1.107

0.136

< 0.001

0.496

1.719

Mood/affective dysfunction (Factor 3)

3.330

0.398

< 0.001

2.672

3.989

Gender (females vs malesa)

−2.613

−0.158

< 0.001

−3.764

−1.462

Secondary education vs illiteratea

−2.505

−0.105

0.014

−4.507

−0.503

University education vs illiteratea

−2.678

−0.153

< 0.001

−4.165

−1.190

Factor 1 = mental wellbeing (i.e. high emotional intelligence and low emotional work fatigue; Factor 2 = psychological distress (i.e. high physical and mental work fatigue, high stress and high alexithymia; Factor 3 = mood/affective dysfunction (i.e. high suicidal ideation, high depression and high anxiety; Factor 4 = social dysfunction (i.e. low self-esteem and high social phobia).

Variables entered in the model: Factor 1, Factor 2, Factor 3, factor 4, Age, Gender, SES, education level.

Model 5: Linear regression taking the continuous AUDIT score as the dependent variable and the three clusters as independent variables.

People with psychological difficulties (Cluster 1)

5.547

0.325

< 0.001

4.430

6.663

People in distress (Cluster 3)

7.455

0.323

< 0.001

5.945

8.965

Gender (Malea vs. Female)

−3.011

−0.184

< 0.001

−4.036

−1.985

Secondary education vs illiteratea

−2.461

−0.104

0.008

− 4.265

−.657

University education vs illiteratea

−3.045

−0.175

< 0.001

−4.392

−1.698

Divorced vs. singlea

5.047

0.118

< 0.001

2.397

7.698

Widowed vs. singlea

4.962

0.091

0.004

1.545

8.379

Variables entered in the model: cluster 1, cluster 2, cluster 3, Age, Gender, SES, education level

Cluster 1 = People with psychological difficulties (low self-esteem, high social phobia, high alexithymia, high physical and mental work fatigue and high stress, low emotional intelligence and high emotional work fatigue); cluster 2 = People with high wellbeing (high emotional intelligence and low emotional work fatigue, with low suicidal ideation, low depression and anxiety, high self-esteem and low social phobia); cluster 3 = People in distress (High suicidal ideation, high depression and anxiety, with low self-esteem & high social phobia).

aReference group

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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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