Table 3 Multivariate models of explanatory variables for subsequent disability pension. Hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (95% CI) are calculated using Cox regression
From: Does lung function predict the risk of disability pension? An 11-year register-based follow-up study
Model 1* Age and gender HR (95% CI) | Model 2* Education and BMI HR (95% CI) | Model 3* Co-morbidities 1 and 2 or more HR (95% CI) | Model 4* All mentioned HR (95% CI) | Model 5* All aforementioned, smoking and cotinine HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study groups | |||||
Controls | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
Obstructive spirometry | 1.31 (0.79–2.17) | 1.41 (0.85–2.34) | 1.25 (0.76–2.06) | 1.20 (0.72–2.00) | 1.07 (0.64–1.78) |
Restrictive spirometry | 2.00 (1.26–3.18) | 1.52 (0.95–2.44) | 1.89 (1.19–3.01) | 1.50 (0.93–2.41) | 1.44 (0.89–2.32) |
Age** | 1.12 (1.11–1.14) | 1.11 (1.09–1.13) | 1.11 (1.09–1.13) | ||
Gender | |||||
Men | 1.27 (1.03–1.57) | 1.26 (1.02–1.56) | 1.28 (1.03–1.59) | ||
Women | ref | ref | ref | ||
BMI | |||||
< 25 | ref | ref | ref | ||
25–29.9 | 1.38 (1.08–1.76) | 1.17 (0.91–1.50) | 1.20 (0.93–1.54) | ||
≥ 30 | 1.83 (1.39–2.42) | 1.28 (0.96–1.70) | 1.34 (1.00–1.78) | ||
Education | |||||
High | ref | ref | ref | ||
Mid-level | 1.98 (1.51–2.60) | 2.07 (1.57–2.72) | 1.99 (1.51–2.62) | ||
Basic | 2.96 (2.22–3.93) | 2.00 (1.50–2.67) | 1.86 (1.39–2.50) | ||
Co-morbidities | |||||
No | ref | ref | ref | ||
One | 1.84 (1.42–2.38) | 1.66 (1.28–2.15) | 1.65 (1.27–2.13) | ||
Two or more | 4.57 (3.54–5.90) | 3.40 (2.62–4.40) | 3.40 (2.62–4.41) | ||
Cotinine | |||||
< 100 | ref | ||||
> =100 | 1.37 (0.88–2.13) | ||||
Smoking | |||||
Non-smoker | ref | ||||
Ex-smoker | 0.96 (0.73–1.27) | ||||
Current-smoker | 1.09 (0.69–1.72) | ||||