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Table 3 QoL influencing factors among older adults according to country

From: Gender differences in quality of life among community-dwelling older adults in low- and middle-income countries: results from the Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)

 

China

India

Russia

South Africa

Ghana

β (SE)

β (SE)

β (SE)

β (SE)

β (SE)

Age group (Ref: 50–59)

 60–69

0.83 (0.22)

−0.36 (0.28)

1.21 (0.43)

1.58 (0.38)

−0.24 (0.39)

 70–79

2.25 (0.27)

−0.54 (0.37)

2.41 (0.51)

2.62 (0.48)

−0.42 (0.46)

 80 and above

4.05 (0.45)

−0.27 (0.62)

4.93 (0.77)

3.92 (0.71)

−1.33 (0.63)*

Female

−0.42 (0.19)*

0.73 (0.29)*

−0.30 (0.37)

0.71 (0.37)

−0.14 (0.40)

Education (Ref: Less than primary)

 Primary only

0.14 (0.25)

−0.70 (0.38)

1.16 (1.15)

− 0.72 (0.43)

− 0.04 (0.53)

 Secondary only

−0.16 (0.27)

−0.71 (0.46)

1.86 (1.07)

0.88 (0.54)

1.22 (0.82)

 High school only

−0.10 (0.32)

0.06 (0.51)

1.58 (1.05)

1.01 (0.80)

−0.71 (0.48)

 College and above

0.69 (0.47)

1.15 (0.65)

1.79 (1.11)

1.62 (0.92)

0.14 (0.90)

Health insurance

0.29 (0.29)

−1.20 (0.59)*

1.92 (2.60)

0.51 (0.44)

1.29 (0.33)

Income

4.98 (0.25)

4.26 (0.35)

3.78 (0.50)

5.66 (0.47)

6.12 (0.47)

Living environment

0.96 (0.15)

0.58 (0.14)

1.03 (0.38)

1.29 (0.22)

−0.44 (0.23)

Cognitive function

0.63 (0.11)

0.93 (0.21)

0.92 (0.21)

1.09 (0.19)

1.26 (0.22)

Physical function

−0.40 (0.01)

−0.31 (0.01)

− 0.37 (0.02)

−0.31 (0.01)

− 0.36 (0.01)

Arthritis

−2.78 (0.22)

−2.31 (0.33)

−2.98 (0.37)

−1.60 (0.40)

−1.05 (0.46)*

Hypertension

0.37 (0.18)*

0.13 (0.26)

−1.55 (0.34)

0.47 (0.36)

−0.19 (0.31)

Diabetes

−3.24 (0.37)

−1.58 (0.48)

−2.01 (0.59)

−1.67 (0.55)

− 1.73 (0.80)*

Married

1.61 (0.30)

0.63 (0.31)*

1.69 (0.47)

1.05 (0.38)

0.50 (0.40)

Family support

0.31 (0.21)

0.02 (0.27)

−0.71 (0.42)

1.27 (0.49)

−0.08 (0.34)

Community support

−2.32 (0.67)

−1.04 (0.44)*

2.93 (1.08)

3.26 (1.30)*

−0.12 (0.87)

Social cohesion index

0.28 (0.03)

0.31 (0.03)

0.38 (0.04)

0.05 (0.03)

0.20 (0.02)†

Living arrangements

1.65 (0.35)

−1.59 (0.96)

1.67 (0.52)

0.95 (0.52)

1.96 (0.54)†

  1. Note. * < 0.05;  < 0.01