Variables | CG(n = 228) | PFG(n = 107) | CFG(n = 157) | BFG(n = 141) | F/χ 2 | P f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years)d | 9.66 ± 1.29 | 10.68 ± 1.16a | 9.76 ± 1.24b | 10.33 ± 1.25abc | 21.249 | < 0.001 |
Gendere | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1.500 | 0.682 |
 Boys | 49.1(112/228) | 42.1(45/107) | 47.8(75/157) | 46.8(66/141) |  |  |
 Girls | 50.9(116/228) | 57.9(62/107) | 52.2(82/157) | 53.2(75/141) |  |  |
Height (cm)d | 138.42 ± 9.81 | 144.04 ± 9.33a | 137.56 ± 8.96b | 142.44 ± 8.96ac | 15.624 | < 0.001 |
Weight (kg)d | 33.36 ± 8.69 | 37.63 ± 8.97a | 32.27 ± 6.49b | 36.51 ± 7.85ac | 13.811 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2)d | 17.17 ± 2.68 | 17.99 ± 3.14a | 16.93 ± 2.36b | 17.82 ± 2.50ac | 5.112 | 0.002 |
Birth weight (kg)d | 3.36 ± 0.59 | 3.35 ± 0.39 | 3.38 ± 0.53 | 3.35 ± 0.46 | 0.090 | 0.965 |
CUF (mg/L)d | 0.82 ± 0.30 | 0.98 ± 0.29a | 2.05 ± 0.58ab | 2.13 ± 0.59ab | 378.736 | < 0.001 |
IQ scoresd | 123.92 ± 12.50 | 119.76 ± 11.28a | 124.65 ± 10.88b | 123.04 ± 11.24b | 4.139 | 0.006 |
Maternal age of pregnancy (y)d | 26.72 ± 4.95 | 25.51 ± 3.80a | 25.30 ± 3.81a | 25.70 ± 4.16a | 3.637 | 0.013 |
Gestational weeks (w)d | 36.98 ± 4.71 | 36.97 ± 4.95 | 37.19 ± 3.86 | 38.01 ± 3.76 | 1.363 | 0.253 |
Paternal education level (y)e | Â | Â | Â | Â | 2.661 | 0.850 |
 Primary school or below | 9.0(19/210) | 7.0(7/100) | 6.7(10/149) | 9.2(12/131) |  |  |
 Junior high school | 69.0(145/210) | 71.0(71/100) | 74.5(111/149) | 66.4(87/131) |  |  |
 High school or above | 21.9(46/210) | 22.0(22/100) | 18.8(28/149) | 24.4(32/131) |  |  |
Maternal education level (y)e | Â | Â | Â | Â | 8.583 | 0.198 |
 Primary school or below | 18.0(37/206) | 10.0(10/100) | 12.7(19/150) | 10.2(13/128) |  |  |
 Junior high school | 59.7(123/206) | 73.0(73/100) | 68.7(103/150) | 68.0(87/128) |  |  |
 High school or above | 22.3(46/206) | 17.0(17/100) | 18.7(28/150) | 21.9(28/128) |  |  |
Birth modee | Â | Â | Â | Â | 8.525 | 0.202 |
 Natural labour | 64.5(140/217) | 75.7(81/107) | 63.5(99/156) | 72.9(97/133) |  |  |
 Cesarean delivery | 35.0(76/217) | 24.3(26/107) | 35.3(55/156) | 26.3(35/133) |  |  |
 Rest | 0.5(1/217) |  | 1.3(2/156) | 0.8(1/133) |  |  |