| Whole sample n = 542 | Low screen users n = 210 | High computer/ moderate TV n = 197 | High TV/tablet/smartphone, low computer n = 135 | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Demographics | |||||
 Parent sex (% women) | 93.5 | 93.3 | 92.9 | 94.8 | 0.915 |
 Parent age | 40.9 (6.16) | 40.3 (5.78)a | 41.9 (6.64)ab | 39.5 (6.32)b | 0.0017 |
 Child sex (% girls) | 46.2 | 49.0a | 49.7b | 36.3ab | 0.046 |
 Child age | 11.2 (2.62) | 10.4 (2.43)ab | 12.2 (2.64)ab | 10.7 (2.36)b | < 0.001 |
Screen time behaviors | |||||
 Children | |||||
 TV viewing | 67.22 (59.03) | 43.68 (41.86)ac | 71.88 (60.87)ab | 91.9 (64.39)bc | p < 0.001 |
 Tablet/smartphone (leisure) | 55.32 (72.06) | 26.96 (41.98)ab | 69.08 (72.32)a | 72.48 (89.61)b | p < 0.001 |
 Computer (leisure) | 45.36 (72.58) | 7.17 (13.65)a | 96.51 (86.25)ab | 14.03 (38.16)b | p < 0.001 |
 Computer (homework) | 25.84 (59.17) | 9.54 (19.75)a | 54.14 (84.35)ab | 6.27 (22.75)b | p < 0.001 |
 Electronic gaming | 22.67 (53.71) | 7.06 (21.43)ac | 24.3 (52.83)ab | 41.74 (75.56)bc | p < 0.001 |
 Tablet/smartphone (homework) | 6.3 (19.54) | 1.54 (7.62)a | 11.27 (28.11)a | 5.86 (13.77) | p < 0.001 |
 Parents | |||||
 TV viewing | 61.38 (62.90) | 32.09 (34.56)ac | 68.15 (71.36)ab | 88.04 (63.25)bc | p < 0.001 |
 Tablet/smartphone (leisure) | 79.8 (102.05) | 26.2 (25.95)ac | 86.11 (107.05)ab | 134.46 (119.01)bc | p < 0.001 |
 Computer (leisure) | 34.71 (62.31) | 16.26 (41.49)a | 61.73 (76.46)ab | 18.95 (45.67)b | p < 0.001 |
 Computer (homework) | 45.52 (89.45) | 29.03 (59.02)a | 72.26 (119.16)ab | 27.78 (56.4)b | p < 0.001 |
 Electronic gaming | 1.53 (12.46) | 0.29 (3.16)a | 3.79 (20.04)ab | 0.07 (0.76)b | p = 0.01 |
 Tablet/smartphone (homework) | 11.06 (28.99) | 6.4 (18.25)a | 18.16 (38.28)ab | 7.04 (22.53)b | p < 0.001 |