Poor mental health of livestock farmers in Africa: a mixed methods case study from Ghana

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Backward elimination regression analysis for factors predicting farmers’ mental health (n = 287)

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6
Variable	Coef. (SE β)	Coef. (SE β)	Coef. (SE β)	Coef. (SE β)	Coef. (SE β)	Coef. (SE β)
Self-reported ill health status	−2.91 (0.68)^d	−2.92 (0.68)^d	−2.93 (0.66)^d	−2.93 (0.66)^d	−2.92 (0.66)^d	−2.96 (0.66)^d
Number of adverse events	−0.76 (0.21)^d	−0.76 (0.21)^d	−0.76 (0.21)^d	−0.76 (0.21)^d	−0.81 (0.18)^d	−0.83 (0.18)^d
Proportion of herd lost	−0.07 (0.02)^c	− 0.07 (0.02)^c	− 0.07 (0.02)^c	− 0.07 (0.02)^c	− 0.07 (0.02)^c	− 0.07 (0.02)^c
Emotional attachment to cattle	−1.86 (0.77)^b	−1.86 (0.77)^b	−1.82 (0.77)^b	−1.82 (0.77)^b	−1.80 (0.76)^b	−1.82 (0.76)^b
Herd size	0.02 (0.01)^a	0.02 (0.01)^a	0.02 (0.01)^b	0.02 (0.01)^b	0.02 (0.01)^b	0.01 (0.01)^b
Experience with livestock	−0.72 (0.67)	−0.72 (0.66)	− 0.72 (0.66)	−0.72 (0.66)	− 0.73 (0.66)
District (Bunkpurugu)	−0.48 (0.76)	−0.48 (0.73)	− 0.37 (0.70)	−0.37 (0.70)
Cultivator of crops	0.61 (1.11)	0.62 (1.10)	0.61 (1.10)
Household size	0.01 (0.06)	0.01 (0.06)
Number of support sources	0.01 (0.21)
Slope	54.52	54.52	54.58	54.99	54.70	54.44
R²	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.22	0.23
F-ratio	8.68^d	9.68^d	10.92^d	12.47^d	14.54^d	17.19^d

“Coef” denotes coefficients that are unstandardized regression slopes with standard errors (SE β) in parentheses. ^{a, b, c, d}, denote 10, 5, 1 and 0.1% significance level respectively. “Variable” = Variables included as predictors of the mental health of livestock farmers in Ghana. Categorical variables and their levels, added in the regression include self-reported ill health status (0 = Not ill/1 = Ill), Emotional attachment to cattle (0 = Not attached/1 = Attached), has experience raising livestock since childhood (0 = No/1 = Yes), District (0 = Kwahu Afram Plains South/1 = Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo), cultivator of crops (0 = No/ 1 = Yes). All ‘0’ denote the reference category. R2 is the coefficient of determination for each of the multivariate linear regression models

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