Daily almond consumption in cardiovascular disease prevention via LDL-C change in the U.S. population: a cost-effectiveness analysis

Table 2 Results of Decision Model and Sensitivity Analyses

	Cost ($)	ΔC ($)	Outcome (QALYs)	ΔE (QALYs)	C/E ($/QALY)	ICER ($/QALY)	NMB ($)
Decision model
WTP = $50,000
Non-almond	1524	Ref	0.94	Ref	1625	Dominated	45,373
Almond	1161	−363	0.96	0.02	1211		46,794
WTP = $100,000
Non-almond	1524	Ref	0.94	Ref	1625	Dominated	92,270
Almond	1161	−363	0.96	0.02	1211		94,749
WTP = $200,000
Non-almond	1524	Ref	0.94	Ref	1625	Dominated	186,064
Almond	1161	−363	0.96	0.02	1211		190,658
Sensitivity–Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis
Non-almond	1555 ± 59	Ref	0.94 ± 0.0005	Ref	1658 ± 63		45,333 ± 84
Almond	1589 ± 417	34 ± 414	0.94 ± 0.02	0.005 ± 0.02	1694 ± 474	−26,798 ± 814,514	45,542 ± 1245
Sensitivity–10-year model
Non-almond	20,871	Ref	8.13	Ref	2566	Dominated	385,788
Almond	15,120	−5750	8.37	0.24	1806		403,377
Sensitivity–cost of procedure
Non-almond	1524	Ref	0.94	Ref	1625	Dominated	45,373
Almond	1161	−363	0.96	0.02	1210		46,794
Sensitivity–cost of almond
Non-almond	1524	Ref	0.94	Ref	1625	Dominated	45,373
Higher cost of almond	1474	−50	0.96	0.02	1537		46,480
Sensitivity–CVD patients
Non-almond	1213	Ref	0.86	Ref	1411	Dominated	41,766
Almond	1022	−190	0.86	0.0001	1189		41,962

Abbreviations: C/E cost-effectiveness ratio, ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, NMB net monetary benefit, QALY quality-adjusted life years, WTP willingness-to-pay

ISSN: 1471-2458