From: Determinants of under-nutrition among children under five years of age in Ethiopia
Predictors | Severely undernourished versus nourished and moderately undernourished | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Std. Error | Z | P > |z| | Odds ratio | 95% CI for OR | ||
Region | Afar | 0.198 | 0.115 | 1.73 | 0.084 | 1.219 | (0.974, 1.525) |
Amhara | 0.328 | 0.101 | 3.25 | 0.001 | 1.389 | (1.139, 1.693) | |
Oromia | −0.152 | 0.102 | −1.49 | 0.136 | 0.859 | (0.704, 1.049) | |
Somali | −0.312 | 0.113 | −2.76 | 0.006 | 0.732 | (0.586, 0.914) | |
Benshangul | 0.293 | 0.114 | 2.57 | 0.010 | 1.341 | (1.073, 1.677) | |
SNNPR | −0.007 | 0.105 | − 0.07 | 0.946 | 0.993 | (0.808, 1.220) | |
Gambela | −0.439 | 0.141 | −3.12 | 0.002 | 0.645 | (0.489, 0.849) | |
Harari | −0.213 | 0.127 | −1.68 | 0.092 | 0.808 | (0.630, 1.036) | |
Addis Ababa | −0.812 | 0.173 | −4.69 | 0.000 | 0.444 | (0.316, 0.624) | |
Dire Dawa | 0.237 | 0.143 | 1.66 | 0.097 | 1.267 | (0.958, 1.676) | |
Residence | Rural | −0.138 | 0.104 | −1.32 | 0.186 | 0.871 | (0.711, 1.069) |
Mother’ education | Primary | −0.100 | 0.061 | −1.62 | 0.105 | 0.905 | (0.803, 1.021) |
Secondary & above | −0.547 | 0.116 | −4.72 | 0.000 | 0.579 | (0.461, 0.726) | |
Drinking water | Unimproved | 0.102 | 0.051 | 2.01 | 0.045 | 1.108 | (1.002, 1.224) |
House hold size | 5–9 | 0.054 | 0.069 | 0.78 | 0.434 | 1.055 | (0.922, 1.207) |
10 & more | 0.208 | 0.123 | 1.70 | 0.089 | 1.232 | (0.969, 1.566) | |
No children< 5 years | 2 | −0.144 | 0.076 | −1.90 | 0.057 | 0.866 | (0.746, 1.004) |
3 and more | 0.150 | 0.055 | 2.72 | 0.007 | 1.162 | (1.043, 1.294) | |
Wealth index | Poorer | 0.082 | 0.070 | 1.18 | 0.238 | 1.085 | (0.947, 1.244) |
Middle | −0.204 | 0.076 | −2.67 | 0.008 | 0.815 | (0.702, 0.947) | |
Richer | −0.453 | 0.083 | −5.44 | 0.000 | 0.636 | (0.540, 0.748) | |
Richest | −0.612 | 0.121 | −5.06 | 0.000 | 0.542 | (0.428, 0.688) | |
Anemia | Anemic | 0.197 | 0.050 | 3.95 | 0.000 | 1.218 | (1.105, 1.343) |
Husband’s education | Primary | −0.188 | 0.063 | −3.01 | 0.003 | 0.828 | (0.732, 0.936) |
Secondary & above | −0.171 | 0.086 | −2.00 | 0.045 | 0.843 | (0.712, 0.996) | |
Birth order | 2–3 | −0.059 | 0.074 | −0.79 | 0.428 | 0.943 | (0.816, 1.090) |
4–5 | 0.096 | 0.093 | 1.03 | 0.302 | 1.101 | (0.917, 1.320) | |
6 and more | 0.050 | 0.095 | 0.53 | 0.598 | 1.052 | (0.872, 1.268) | |
Multiple birth | 1st of multiple | 0.725 | 0.210 | 3.45 | 0.001 | 2.066 | (1.369, 3.112) |
2nd of multiple | 0.796 | 0.222 | 3.58 | 0.000 | 2.216 | (1.433, 3.427) | |
Sex | Female | −0.214 | 0.053 | −4.07 | 0.000 | 0.808 | (0.729, 0.895) |
Age of child in month | 6–11 | 0.583 | 0.123 | 4.74 | 0.000 | 1.792 | (1.408, 2.281) |
12–23 | 1.646 | 0.107 | 15.37 | 0.000 | 5.185 | (4.203, 6.395) | |
24–35 | 2.057 | 0.107 | 19.19 | 0.000 | 7.819 | (6.338, 9.647) | |
36–34 | 1.980 | 0.107 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 7.244 | (5.869, 8.941) | |
48–59 | 1.859 | 0.107 | 17.33 | 0.000 | 6.415 | (5.199, 7.916) | |
Fever | Yes | 0.237 | 0.077 | 3.06 | 0.002 | 1.267 | (1.089, 1.475) |
Cough | Yes | −0.019 | 0.074 | −0.26 | 0.793 | 0.981 | (0.849, 1.133) |
Mother’s age at birth | 20–34 | −0.110 | 0.049 | −2.24 | 0.025 | 0.895 | (0.813, 0.986) |
35–49 | 0.296 | 0.562 | 0.53 | 0.599 | 1.344 | (0.447, 4.046) | |
BMI of mother | Normal | −0.349 | 0.055 | −6.36 | 0.000 | 0.705 | (0.633, 0.785) |
Overweight | −0.939 | 0.106 | −8.87 | 0.000 | 0.391 | (0.318, 0.481) | |
Constant | −1.929 | 0.191 | 10.09 | 0.000 | 0.145 | (0.100, 0.211) |