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Table 3 Linear regression of cognitive function (total score) on: cardiometabolic indicators (M1); M1 + sociodemographic factors (M2); M2 + behavioral and other risk factors (M3), HAALSI participants, Agincourt, 2014–2015 (N = 3018). For each model (M1-M3), results presented are fully adjusted for all variables included in each model (including all the cardiometabolic indicators)

From: Cognitive function and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in rural South Africa: baseline evidence from the HAALSI study

 

M1: cardiometabolic indicators

M2: + sociodemographics

M3: + behavioral and other risk factors

Beta

95% CI

p-value

Beta

95% CI

p-value

Beta

95% CI

p-value

Cardiometabolic indicators

 BMIa

  Underweight

−1.31

[− 1.94, − 0.69]

< 0.001

− 1.08

[− 1.69, − 0.48]

< 0.001

− 0.87

[− 1.48, − 0.26]

0.005

  Normal

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  Overweight

0.79

[0.45, 1.14]

< 0.001

0.59

[0.25, 0.93]

0.001

0.56

[0.22, 0.90]

0.001

  Obese

1.2

[0.84, 1.57]

< 0.001

0.82

[0.46, 1.17]

< 0.001

0.74

[0.39, 1.10]

< 0.001

 Hypertensionb

  Without hypertension

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  Hypertension, controlled on Rx

0.4

[−0.04, 0.84]

0.072

0.48

[0.05, 0.90]

0.027

0.53

[0.11, 0.96]

0.013

  Hypertension, uncontrolled not on Rx

−0.06

[− 0.38, 0.27]

0.737

− 0.08

[− 0.39, 0.24]

0.638

− 0.04

[− 0.36, 0.27]

0.79

  Hypertension, uncontrolled on Rx

0.13

[−0.29, 0.55]

0.545

0.21

[−0.20, 0.62]

0.316

0.22

[−0.19, 0.62]

0.291

 Dyslipidemia

  No

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  Yes

0.08

[−0.19, 0.36]

0.564

0.07

[−0.20, 0.33]

0.628

0.06

[−0.20, 0.33]

0.649

 Diabetesc

  Without diabetes

Ref

  

Ref

  

Ref

  

  Diabetes, controlled on Rx

−0.8

[−1.75, 0.15]

0.098

−1.08

[−2.00, −0.17]

0.021

−1.11

[−2.01, − 0.20]

0.017

  Diabetes, uncontrolled not on Rx

−0.74

[−1.34, − 0.14]

0.015

− 0.69

[− 1.27, − 0.11]

0.02

−0.75

[− 1.33, − 0.18]

0.01

  Diabetes, uncontrolled on Rx

− 0.22

[− 1.03, 0.59]

0.596

−0.3

[− 1.08, 0.48]

0.444

− 0.26

[− 1.03, 0.52]

0.513

 Stroke

  No

         

  Yes

−1.19

[−2.04, −0.35]

0.006

− 1.16

[− 1.98, − 0.34]

0.005

−1.11

[− 1.92, − 0.30]

0.007

Cardiometabolic-related behavioral risk factors

 Alcohol frequency

  Does not currently drink

      

Ref

  

  Less than daily

      

−0.41

[−0.79, −0.03]

0.033

  5–6 days per week/ daily

      

0.35

[−0.26, 0.96]

0.262

 Smoking status

  Never

      

Ref.

  

  Former

      

−0.67

[−1.08, −0.25]

0.002

  Current

      

−0.84

[−1.37, − 0.31]

0.002

  1. M1: Adjusted for age and sex
  2. M2: Adjusted for age, sex, nationality, marital status, employment status, education, wealth asset index
  3. M3: Adjusted for age, sex, nationality, marital status, employment status, education, wealth asset index, HIV and ART status, and CES-D score
  4. aobese ≥30 BMI; overweight BMI 25 to < 30; normal BMI 18.5 to < 25; underweight BMI < 18.5
  5. bWithout hypertension: having a mean systolic blood pressure of < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of < 90 mmHg and reported not on treatment; hypertension, controlled on Rx: having a mean systolic blood pressure of < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of < 90 mmHg and reported on treatment; Hypertension, uncontrolled not on Rx: having a mean systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mmHg and reported not on treatment; Hypertension, uncontrolled on Rx: having a mean systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mmHg and reported on treatment
  6. cWithout diabetes: having random glucose < 11.1 mmol/L and reported not on treatment; diabetes, controlled on Rx: having random glucose < 11.1 mmol/L and reported on treatment; diabetes, uncontrolled not on Rx: having elevated random glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L and reported not on treatment; diabetes, uncontrolled on Rx: having elevated random glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L and reported on treatment
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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