Table 3 Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CIs) for incident MetS according to quartiles of WHO healthy diet components among 424 children and adolescents

Total fat (% of Energy)

29.8

34.3

39.7

Model 1

0.60 (0.26–1.36)

0.54 (0.23–1.25)

0.48 (0.20–1.14)

Model 2

0.51 (0.21–1.24)

0.51 (0.20–1.28)

0.40 (0.15–1.05)

SFA (% of Energy)

10.0

11.8

14.7

Model 1

0.30(0.12–0.75)

0.21(0.07–0.59)

0.70(0.34–1.47)

Model 2

0.26(0.09–0.37)

0.18(0.06–0.55)

0.57(0.25–1.32)

PUFAs (% of Energy)

5.70

7.10

8.85

Model 1

0.86(0.40–1.83)

0.20(0.06–0.63)

0.60(0.26–1.36)

Model 2

0.66(0.28–1.55)

0.23(0.07–0.78)

0.52(0.21–1.29)

n-6 PUFAs (% of Energy)

4.90

6.20

7.90

Model 1

0.86(0.40–1.83)

0.15(0.04–0.53)

0.66(0.30–1.44)

Model 2

0.68(0.29–1.58)

0.18(0.04–0.66)

0.55(0.22–1.33)

n-3 PUFAs (% of Energy)

0.42

0.54

0.70

Model 1

1.53(0.67–3.48)

1.00(0.41–2.41)

0.80(0.31–2.02)

Model 2

1.38(0.56–3.42)

0.97(0.37–2.56)

0.74(0.27–2.02)

MUFA _{(% of Energy)}

10.2

12.0

13.8

Model 1

0.62(0.28–1.37)

[0.39(0.16–0.96)]

0.45(0.19–1.06)

Model 2

0.40(0.16–0.98)

0.40(0.15–1.08)

0.42(0.17–1.05)

Trans fatty acid _{(% of Energy)}

1.72

2.43

3.50

Model 1

0.38(0.15–0.96)

0.75(0.34–1.65)

0.65(0.28–1.47)

Model 2

0.42(0.15–1.18)

0.75(0.30–1.85)

0.76(0.30–1.94)

Cholesterol _(mg/day)

143

158

188

Model 1

3.25(1.13–9.31)

2.88(0.99–8.41)

3.07(1.06–8.86)

Model 2

2.96(0.94–9.29)

2.42(0.76–7.72)

3.39(1.04–10.9)

Total carbohydrate _{(% of Energy)}

55.4

59.2

64.7

Model 1

0.55(0.20–1.46)

0.90(0.38–2.15)

1.49(0.67–3.30)

Model 2

0.63(0.22–1.83)

0.83(0.31–2.22)

1.66(0.69–4.01)

Free sugars _{(% of Energy)}

5.14

7.22

10.9

Model 1

0.49(0.20–1.22)

1.15(0.54–2.46)

0.42(0.16–1.09)

Model 2

0.39(0.13–1.11)

1.33(0.57–3.13)

0.39(0.14–1.08)

Protein _{(% of Energy)}

12.2

13.5

15.4

Model 1

1.00(0.38–2.62)

1.91(0.80–4.55)

1.50(0.61–3.69)

Model 2

0.94(0.33–2.67)

1.67(0.65–4.28)

1.45(0.55–3.81)

Salt _(g/day)

7.70

11.83

20.1

Model 1

0.74(0.3–1.78)

1.08(0.48–2.44)

0.74(0.31–1.78)

Model 2

0.71(0.27–1.89)

0.96(0.36–2.55)

1.21(0.43–3.38)

Fruits and Vegetables _(g/day)

420

624

999

Model 1

1.20(0.51–2.83)

1.00(0.41–2.41)

1.10(0.46–2.62)

Model 2

1.10(0.43–2.84)

1.22(0.46–3.27)

1.39(0.46–4.13)

Total dietary fiber _(g/day)

9.04

10.9

14.4

Model 1

1.86(0.74–4.65)

1.56(0.61–3.99)

1.71(0.67–4.32)

Model 2

1.52(0.57–4.01)

1.17(0.41–3.27)

1.70(0.63–4.58)