Loneliness | p-value | Social exclusion | p-value | Network size | p-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Below median split (n = 3784) | Above median split (n = 3940) | Below median split (n = 4285) | Above median split (n = 3439) | Below median split (n = 4328) | Above median split (n = 3396) | ||||
N/Mean (%/SD) | N/Mean (%/SD) | N/Mean (%/SD) | N/Mean (%/SD) | N/Mean (%/SD) | N/Mean (%/SD) | ||||
Gender: Female | 2073 (54.78) | 1863 (47.28) | p < 0.001 | 2134 (49.80) | 1802 (52.40) | p = 0.02 | 2101 (48.54) | 1835 (54.03) | p < 0.001 |
Age in years | 64.91 (0.18) | 63.94 (0.18) | p < 0.001 | 64.07 (0.17) | 64.84 (0.19) | p < 0.01 | 65.48 (0.17) | 63.06 (0.19) | p < 0.001 |
Marital status: Married, living together with spouse | 2760 (73.05) | 2635 (67.05) | p < 0.001 | 3103 (72.50) | 2292 (66.68) | p < 0.001 | 2841 (65.76) | 2554 (75.38) | p < 0.001 |
Married, living separated from spouse | 54 (1.43) | 74 (1.88) | 71 (1.66) | 57 (1.66) | 80 (1.85) | 48 (1.42) | |||
Divorced | 302 (7.99) | 470 (11.96) | 380 (8.88) | 392 (11.44) | 466 (10.79) | 306 (9.03) | |||
Widowed | 432 (11.43) | 426 (10.84) | 445 (10.40) | 413 (12.05) | 582 (13.47) | 276 (8.15) | |||
Single | 230 (6.09) | 325 (8.27) | 281 (6.57) | 274 (7.99) | 351 (8.13) | 204 (6.02) | |||
Monthly net equivalent income in Euro | 2069.33 (26.20) | 1831.63 (19.31) | p < 0.001 | 2134.13 (24.63) | 1717.24 (19.00) | p < 0.001 | 1837.00 (19.77) | 2088.24 (26.75) | p < 0.001 |
Body-Mass-Index | 26.63 (0.07) | 27.17 (0.08) | p < 0.001 | 26.68 (0.07) | 27.18 (0.08) | p < 0.001 | 27.05 (0.07) | 26.71 (0.08) | p < 0.01 |
Current smoking status: Daily | 446 (11.87) | 617 (15.81) | p < 0.001 | 545 (12.82) | 518 (15.20) | p < 0.001 | 625 (14.58) | 438 (12.99) | p = 0.17 |
Yes, sometimes | 163 (4.34) | 143 (3.66) | 200 (4.70) | 106 (3.11) | 163 (3.80) | 143 (4.24) | |||
No, not anymore | 1346 (35.82) | 1498 (38.39) | 1571 (36.95) | 1273 (37.35) | 1571 (36.65) | 1273 (37.74) | |||
No, never | 1803 (47.98) | 1644 (42.13) | 1936 (45.53) | 1511 (44.34) | 1928 (44.97) | 1519 (45.03) | |||
Alcohol consumption; Daily | 449 (12.01) | 468 (12.04) | p < 0.01 | 556 (13.13) | 361 (10.64) | p < 0.001 | 522 (12.23) | 395 (11.77) | p < 0.001 |
Several times a week | 960 (25.68) | 897 (23.08) | 1136 (26.84) | 721 (21.26) | 956 (22.40) | 901 (26.84) | |||
Once a week | 599 (16.02) | 626 (16.10) | 726 (17.15) | 499 (14.71) | 644 (15.09) | 581 (17.31) | |||
One to three times per month | 474 (12.68) | 455 (11.71) | 505 (11.93) | 424 (12.50) | 489 (11.46) | 440 (13.11) | |||
Less frequently | 882 (23.60) | 955 (24.57) | 918 (21.69) | 919 (27.09) | 1086 (25.45) | 751 (22.37) | |||
Never | 374 (10.01) | 486 (12.50) | 392 (9.26) | 468 (13.80) | 571 (13.38) | 289 (8.61) | |||
Physical activity: Daily | 1248 (33.71) | 1206 (31.38) | p < 0.01 | 1424 (33.90) | 1030 (30.79) | p < 0.001 | 1297 (30.71) | 1157 (34.84) | p < 0.001 |
Several times a week | 1515 (40.92) | 1524 (39.66) | 1696 (40.38) | 1343 (40.15) | 1631 (38.61) | 1408 (42.40) | |||
Once a week | 278 (7.51) | 290 (7.55) | 325 (7.74) | 243 (7.26) | 347 (8.21) | 221 (6.65) | |||
One to three times per month | 259 (7.00) | 332 (8.64) | 310 (7.38) | 281 (8.40) | 332 (7.86) | 259 (7.80) | |||
Less frequently | 284 (7.67) | 349 (9.08 | 333 (7.93) | 300 (8.97) | 416 (9.85) | 217 (6.53) | |||
Never | 118 (3.19) | 142 (3.70) | 112 (2.67) | 148 (4.42) | 201 (4.76) | 59 (1.78) | |||
Depressive symptoms | 5.10 (0.08) | 8.10 (0.10) | p < 0.001 | 5.22 (0.08) | 8.40 (0.11) | p < 0.001 | 6.89 (0.09) | 6.30 (0.10) | p < 0.001 |
Loneliness | 1.33 (0.00) | 2.21 (0.01) | p < 0.001 | 1.57 (0.01) | 2.04 (0.01) | p < 0.001 | 1.82 (0.01) | 1.72 (0.01) | p < 0.001 |
Social exclusion | 2.35 (0.01) | 2.84 (0.01) | p < 0.001 | 2.16 (0.00) | 3.15 (0.01) | p < 0.001 | 2.64 (0.01) | 2.55 (0.01) | p < 0.001 |
Number of important people in regular contact | 5.46 (0.04) | 5.02 (0.04) | p < 0.001 | 5.36 (0.04) | 5.07 (0.05) | p < 0.001 | 3.18 (0.02) | 7.85 (0.02) | p < 0.001 |
Number of physical illnesses | 2.32 (0.03) | 2.86 (0.03) | p < 0.001 | 2.29 (0.03) | 2.98 (0.03) | p < 0.001 | 2.65 (0.03) | 2.52 (0.03) | p < 0.01 |