Utilization of key preventive measures for pregnancy complications and malaria among women in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

Table 6 Association between maternal characteristics and malaria infection during last pregnancy among women who experienced a pregnancy outcome in the past year in three districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, 2016^a

	Malaria infection during last pregnancy N (%)	No malaria infection during last pregnancy N (%)	P value for the overall difference among the categories	Factors associated with malaria infection during last pregnancy, univariate analysis OR (95% CI)	Factors associated with malaria infection during last pregnancy, multivariable analysis AOR (95% CI)^g
Maternal age (years)
15–18	11 (20.0)	274 (7.3)	0.0088	Reference	Reference
19–24	14 (25.4)	951 (25.5)		0.36 (0.16–0.80)	0.48 (0.19–1.18)
25–34	23 (41.8)	1887 (50.6)		0.29 (0.14–0.62)	0.25 (0.11–0.58)
35–49	7 (12.7)	617 (16.5)		0.28 (0.11–0.73)	0.21 (0.07–0.65)
Employment status
Not Employed^b	31 (56.4)	2927 (78.5)	0.0007	Reference	Reference
Self-employed^c	21 (38.2)	705 (18.9)		2.97 (1.68–5.22)	2.81 (1.55–5.11)
Employed	3 (5.4)	97 (2.6)		2.99 (0.87–10.17)	3.50 (0.99–12.38)
Education level
No education	39 (70.9)	2062 (55.3)	0.0790	Reference	Reference
Primary^d	11 (20.0)	1162 (31.2)		0.48 (0.24–0.95)	0.42 (0.20–0.88)
Secondary^e or higher^f	5 (9.1)	505 (13.5)		0.48 (0.19–1.25)	0.42 (0.15–1.21)
ITN utilization during pregnancy
No	42 (76.3)	2745 (73.6)	0.6999	Reference	Reference
Yes	13 (23.6)	984 (26.4)	0.6999	0.83 (0.43–1.58)	0.87 (0.44–1.72)
Indoor Residual Spraying
No	39 (70.9)	2784 (74.6)	0.5260	Reference	Reference
Yes	16 (29.1)	945 (25.3)	0.5260	1.17 (0.62–2.23)	1.45 (0.73–2.90)

Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, OR Odds ratio, AOR Adjusted odds ratio
Notes: ^a Numbers are rounded and may not add up to exactly 100%; ^b the unemployed category contains women who were unemployed, housewives or students; ^c the self-employed category includes women who are farmers and/or traders; ^d considers women who completed all or some primary school years; ^econsiders women who completed all or some secondary school years; ^fsecondary and higher education were combined given model conversion issues; ^g AOR and corresponding 95% CI were obtained from a multivariate model, including variables with a significant univariate test at p-value cut-off point of 0.05
Bold text indicates significant results at the level of p-value <0.05

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