Associations between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity and overweight/obesity among adults in Kota Bharu and Penang, Malaysia

Table 1 General characteristics, obesity, and physical activity status of participants

Characteristics	n	%	Mean (SD)
Age (years)			40.0 (14.3)
Household size			4.9 (2.3)
BMI (kg/m²)			25.9 (6.0)
WC measurements (cm)			82.6 (14.2)
Sex
Female	317	64.7
Male	173	35.3
City
Penang	196	40.0
Kota Bharu	294	60.0
Marital status
Married	303	61.8
Not married	187	38.2
Employment status
Does not have a job or an unpaid job outside the home	241	49.2
Has a job or unpaid job outside the home	249	50.8
Education level
Did not complete upper secondary school education (or equivalent)	123	25.1
Completed upper secondary school education (or equivalent)	201	41.0
Tertiary education or equivalent (Diploma and above)	166	33.9
Total household monthly income (Self-reported)
Below MYR 3000.00¹	345	70.3
Above MYR 3000.00	145	29.6
Obesity status (BMI in kg/m²)
BMI < 25.0	231	47.2
BMI 25.0–29.9	151	30.8
BMI ≥ 30.0	108	22.0
Achieved 30 min MVPA per day^c (accelerometer^a)
Yes	55	11.2
No	432	88.2
Missing accelerometer data	3	0.6
Achieved 20 min MVPA per day (accelerometer^a)
Yes	111	22.7
No	376	76.7
Missing accelerometer data	3	0.6
Self-reported total physical activity (IPAQ – Long Form^b)
< 150 min per week	176	35.9
> 150 min per week	314	64.1
< 300 min per week	278	56.7
> 300 min per week	212	43.3

n number, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, IPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire
¹1.00 Malaysian Ringgit (MYR) is equivalent to 0.25 United States Dollar (USD); ^ameasured in minutes/day; ^b measured in minutes/week; ^cWHO recommendation for MVPA

ISSN: 1471-2458