Prevalence and factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension among the hill tribe elderly populations in northern Thailand

Table 5 Comparison of health behavior by sex

Health behvaior	Total		Male		Female		χ²	p-value
Health behvaior	n	%	n	%	n	%	χ²	p-value
Smoking
No	486	61.3	151	31.1	335	68.9	173.52	< 0.001*
Ever in the past	151	19.0	125	82.8	26	17.2
Yes	156	19.7	117	75.0	39	25.0
Alcohol use
No	538	67.8	169	31.4	369	68.6	222.02	< 0.001*
Ever in the past	139	17.5	117	84.2	22	15.8
Yes	116	14.6	107	92.2	9	7.8
Consumption of uncooked food
No	385	48.5	106	27.5	279	72.5	145.24	< 0.001*
Ever in the past	52	6.6	37	71.2	15	28.8
Yes	356	44.9	250	70.2	106	29.8
Salty food
No	282	35.6	106	37.6	176	62.4	25.05	< 0.001*
Yes	511	64.4	287	56.2	224	43.8
Greasy food
No	297	37.5	194	65.3	103	34.7	47.12	< 0.001*
Yes	496	62.5	199	40.1	297	59.9
Sweet food
No	391	49.3	216	55.2	175	44.8	9.96	0.0016*
Yes	402	50.7	177	44.0	225	56.0
Opium use
No	723	91.2	339	46.9	384	53.1	23.95	< 0.001*
Ever in the past	54	6.8	43	79.6	11	20.4
Yes	16	2.0	11	68.8	5	31.3
Methamphetamine use
No	776	97.9	381	49.1	395	50.9	3.69	0.079
Yes	17	2.1	12	70.6	5	29.4
Chewing
No	604	76.2	313	51.8	291	48.2	5.19	0.023*
Yes	189	23.8	80	42.3	109	57.7
Regular exercise
No	433	54.6	184	42.5	249	57.5	26.05	< 0.001*
Highly active physical work	280	35.3	173	61.8	107	38.2
Yes	80	10.1	36	45.0	44	55.0

ISSN: 1471-2458