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Table 5 Risk factors linked with blood lipid indicators among school age children in Ghana

From: Lipid profile and dyslipidemia among school-age children in urban Ghana

Explanatory variables

coefficient

p-value

95% Confidence Interval

Lower bound

Upper bound

Total Cholesterol

Fixed effects

 Sex (female)

−3.388

0.513

−13.531

6.755

 Age, yr

2.015

0.218

−1.189

5.219

 Obese1

7.808

0.108

− 1.716

17.333

 School type2

−8.024

0.311

−23.535

7.486

 Watch television in the morning

12.114

0.011

2.8319

21.397

Random effects3

 Region

26.621

 

9.608

73.757

 Schools

23.678

 

17.378

32.262

High Density Lipoprotein

Fixed effects

 Sex (female)

−1.547

0.317

−4.576

1.483

 Age, yr

−.502

0.298

−1.447

0.443

 Obese

−4.632

0.001

−7.480

−1.785

 School type

−0.330

0.872

−4.336

3.675

Random effects

 Region

11.913

 

4.415

32.147

 Schools

5.058

 

3.372

7.588

Triglycerides

Fixed Effects

 Sex(female)

−7.135

0.215

−18.410

4.140

 Age

−0.997

0.583

−2.566

4.560

 Obese

1.763

0.744

−8.814

12.340

 School type

−7.728

0.382

−25.062

9.605

 Systolic blood pressure

0.568

0.013

0.118

1.018

 Watch television in the morning

14.464

0.006

4.145

24.782

Random effects

 Region

6.589

 

1.109

39.158

 Schools

26.594

 

18.402

38.432

Low Density lipoprotein

Fixed effects

 Sex (female)

4.870

0.321

−4.745

14.486

 Age

3.937

0.010

0.950

6.923

 Obese

14.486

0.002

5.195

23.777

 School type

3.348

0.625

−10.083

16.778

 Eating fruit 3 or more times in a week

−10.583

0.020

−19.508

−1.659

 Watch television in the morning

14.464

0.006

4.145

24.782

Random effects

 Region

7.757

 

2.046

29.411

 Schools

17.184

 

12.007

24.592

Triglyceride-High Density Lipoprotein Ratio

Fixed effects

 Sex (female)

0.070

0.453

−0.113

0.253

 Age

0.070

0.012

0.015

0.125

 Obese

0.445

< 0.001

0.281

0.609

 School type

0.107

0.454

−.173

0.386

Random effects

 Region

0.149

 

0.036

0.614

 School

0.437

 

0.309

0.617

  1. Other variables controlled in model: maternal education, maternal and paternal occupation, systolic blood pressure, child fruit and vegetable consumption, activity (including means of transportation to school, engagement in sporting activity, performing household chores), and sedentary behavior (watching television in mornings)
  2. 1BMIZ = Body Mass Index-for-Age Z-Score
  3. 2Categorized as public or private school
  4. 3Represents variation in region and school
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BMC Public Health

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