Table 2 Crude odds ratios for over-the-counter (OTC) drug use by price category
Crude odds ratio of utilization (and 95% confidence interval) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All OTC drugs | OTC drugs ≥ €10 | OTC drugs ≥ €25 | ||||
Gender | ||||||
Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Female | 1.50*** | (1.33–1.70) | 1.27* | (1.00–1.61) | 0.93 | (0.56–1.54) |
Study area | ||||||
Munich | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Leipzig | 0.85 | (0.68–1.06) | 0.83 | (0.54–1.26) | 0.53 | (0.19–1.50) |
Bad Honnef | 1.00 | (0.73–1.37) | 0.92 | (0.51–1.64) | 0.29 | (0.04–2.14) |
Wesel | 0.83** | (0.73–0.95) | 0.62** | (0.47–0.81) | 0.45** | (0.24–0.82) |
Maternal educational level | ||||||
Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Medium | 1.44** | (1.14–1.82) | 1.63 | (0.98–2.72) | 0.97 | (0.39–2.43) |
High | 1.59** | (1.27–1.99) | 1.95* | (1.19–3.20) | 1.02 | (0.42–2.48) |
Paternal educational level | ||||||
Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Medium | 1.10 | (0.90–1.34) | 1.55 | (1.00–2.39) | 2.84* | (1.03–7.83) |
High | 1.37** | (1.16–1.62) | 2.20** | (1.51–3.19) | 2.81* | (1.10–7.18) |
Household income | ||||||
Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Medium | 1.24* | (1.02–1.51) | 1.46 | (0.98–2.17) | 0.85 | (0.38–1.91) |
High | 1.27* | (1.05–1.54) | 1.32 | (0.89–1.95) | 1.14 | (0.53–2.43) |
Chronic disease | ||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Yes | 1.65*** | (1.44–1.89) | 1.88*** | (1.48–2.40) | 2.00** | (1.19–3.35) |