The effect of a micronutrient powder home fortification program on anemia and cognitive outcomes among young children in rural China: a cluster randomized trial

Table 3 Effects of multiple micronutrient powder provision on haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, anaemia prevalence, and Bayley mental and psychomotor development scores

	Hb concentration (g/L)¹		Anemia prevalence (Hb <110 g/L)¹		Bayley MDI (points)²		Bayley PDI (points)²
	Marginal Effect (95% CI)	P value	Marginal Effect (95% CI)	P value	Marginal Effect (95% CI)	P value	Marginal Effect (95% CI)	P value
Effect of MNP distribution after 6 months (children 12–18 months of age)	1.769 (0.017–3.520)	0.048*	− 0.058 (− 0.127–0.010)	0.095	2.230 (0.061–4.399)	0.044*	− 0.266 (− 3.328–2.796)	0.864
Effect of MNP distribution after 12 months	− 0.115 (− 2.189–1.959)	0.913	0.034 (− 0.039–0.107)	0.357	0.487 (− 2.071–3.046)	0.708	− 0.461 (− 2.938–2.016)	0.715
Effect of MNP distribution after 18 months	0.127 (− 1.850–2.105)	0.899	− 0.001 (− 0.071–0.070)	0.982	0.828 (− 1.787–3.444)	0.534	0.084 (− 2.277–2.445)	0.944
Intracluster Correlation (ICC)³	0.09		–		0.08		0.02
R-squared	0.14		0.10		0.27		0.21
Observations	6092		6092		6204		6186

¹Intention to treat analysis, and regression estimates from multiple linear models adjusted for gender, age, Hb test machine and county fixed effects. Standard errors are clustered at the village level. Hb data missing for 349 observations (17 in baseline, 115, 144 and 73 in 6 months, 12 months and 18 months follow-up)
²Intention to treat analysis, and regression estimates from multiple linear models adjusted for gender, age, parenting practice (whether caregiver used toys played with child the previous day, sang to child previous day), BSID tester and county fixed effects. Standard errors are clustered at the village level. MDI data missing for 214 observations (5 in baseline, 101, 88 and 20 in 6 months, 12 months and 18 months follow-up), and PDI data missing for 233 children (7 in baseline, 102, 98 and 26 in 6 months, 12 months and 18 months follow-up)
³Intracluster correlation (ICC) at endline (final wave). No ICC is reported for anemia as this is a binary outcome
*p-value < 0.05 significant

ISSN: 1471-2458