Table 1 Characteristics of included studies (By taxonomy)
From: Increasing educational attainment and mortality reduction: a systematic review and taxonomy
Primary Domainsa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All-Cause Mortality | Outcome Specific | Trends Over Time | Explanatory Pathways | Total | |
n = 68(%) | n = 89(%) | n = 54 (%) | n = 51 (%) | 262 | |
Year of publication | |||||
Before-1990 | 4(5.9) | 2(2.2) | 1(1.9) | 1(2.0) | 8(3.1) |
1991–2000 | 10(14.7) | 15(16.9) | 2(3.7) | 6(11.8) | 33(12.6) |
2001–2010 | 40(58.8) | 31(34.8) | 20(37.0) | 20(39.2) | 111(42.4) |
2011-present | 14(20.6) | 41(46.1) | 31(57.4) | 24(47.1) | 110(42.0) |
Study Population | |||||
Survey/Longitudinal | 28(41.2) | 39(43.8) | 3(5.6) | 26(51.0) | 96(36.6) |
Census data | 39(57.4) | 38(42.7) | 51(94.4) | 24(47.1) | 152(58.0) |
Other | 3(4.4) | 14(15.7) | 0(0.0) | 1(2.0) | 18(6.9) |
Study Design | |||||
Cohort | 48(70.6) | 73(82.0) | 25(46.3) | 42(82.4) | 188(71.8) |
Cross-sectional | 19(27.9) | 15(16.9) | 28(51.9) | 6(11.8) | 68(26.0) |
Mixed methods | 1(1.5) | 1(1.1) | 1(1.9) | 3(5.9) | 6(2.3) |
Region of Study | |||||
North America | 27(39.7) | 24(27.0) | 19(35.2) | 9(17.6) | 79(30.2) |
U.S. | 24(35.6) | 21(23.6) | 19(35.2) | 9(17.6) | 73(27.9) |
South America | 1(1.5) | 2(2.2) | 2(3.7) | 1(2.0) | 6(2.3) |
Europe | 30(44.1) | 51(57.3) | 29(53.7) | 35(68.6) | 145(55.3) |
Asia | 11(16.2) | 14(15.7) | 4(7.4) | 6(11.8) | 35(13.4) |
NZ/Australia | 0(0.0) | 3(3.4) | 2(3.7) | 1(2.0) | 6(2.3) |
Africa | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
Number of Countries | |||||
Single | 65(95.6) | 78(87.6) | 50(92.6) | 47(92.2) | 240(91.6) |
Multiple | 3(4.4) | 11(12.4) | 4(7.4) | 4(7.8) | 22(8.4) |
Educational Association | |||||
Significant | 24(35.3) | 35(39.3) | 26(48.1) | 11(21.6) | 96(36.6) |
Mixed | 30(44.1) | 27(30.3) | 16(29.6) | 27(52.9) | 100(38.2) |
Not Significant | 15(22.1) | 27(30.3) | 11(20.4) | 13(25.5) | 66(25.2) |
Stratified by age | 30(44.1) | 23(25.8) | 19(35.2) | 10(19.6) | 82(31.3) |
Stratified by race | 8(11.8) | 7(7.9) | 11(20.4) | 4(7.8) | 30(11.5) |
Stratified by gender | 40(58.8) | 39(43.8) | 50(92.6) | 32(62.7) | 161(61.5) |
Conditioned on SES | 11(16.2) | 5(5.6) | 2(3.7) | 3(5.9) | 21(8.0) |