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Table 3 Factors associated with self-reported cereal food consumption (bread and alternatives, rice, pasta, breakfast cereal, wholegrain versions) on day prior to survey, Western Australian Nutrition Monitoring Survey Series (NMSS)

From: Consumer attitudes and misperceptions associated with trends in self-reported cereal foods consumption: cross-sectional study of Western Australian adults, 1995 to 2012

Consumed on the day prior

Bread and alternatives (n = 7040)

Rice (n = 6629)

Pasta (n = 6654)

Breakfast cereal (n = 7009)

Whole-grain versions (n = 6178)

OR [95% CI]

OR [95% CI]

OR [95% CI]

OR [95% CI]

OR [95% CI]

Year of survey

 1995

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 1998

0.86 [0.64,1.16]

0.90 [0.70,1.17]

1.22 [0.95,1.56]

0.77 [0.64,0.94]a

0.81 [0.66,0.99]a

 2001

0.61 [0.46,0.81]c

0.90 [0.69,1.17]

1.41 [1.10,1.81]b

0.82 [0.67,1.01]

0.44 [0.35,0.54]c

 2004

0.46 [0.35,0.60]c

1.01 [0.85,1.43]

1.20 [0.93,1.55]

0.86 [0.71,1.06]

0.69 [0.56,0.86]c

 2009

0.42 [0.32,0.54]c

1.27 [0.97,1.65]

1.02 [0.79,1.32]

0.79 [0.65,0.97]a

1.27 [1.02,1.58]a

 2012

0.31 [0.24,0.40]c

1.17 [0.90,1.52]

0.99 [0.76,1.27]

0.72 [0.58,0.90]b

1.14 [0.91,1.41]

Sex

 Female

1.00

  

1.00

 

 Male

1.44 [1.23,1.68]c

  

1.18 [1.04,1.34]a

 

Age (years)

 18–24

 

1.00

 

1.00

1.00

 25–34

 

0.95 [0.70,1.30]

 

1.02 [0.80,1.30]

1.03 [0.79,1.35]

 35–44

 

0.81 [0.61,1.09]

 

0.97 [0.77,1.23]

1.05 [0.82,1.36]

 45–54

 

0.85 [0.62,1.15]

 

1.13 [0.89,1.45]

1.32 [1.01,1.72]a

 55–64

 

0.60 [0.43,0.84]c

 

1.59 [1.23,2.05]c

1.74 [1.33,2.28]c

Education

 Less than high school

 

1.00

 

1.00

1.00

 High school

 

1.27 [1.00,1.61]a

 

1.30 [1.09,1.55]b

1.19 [0.97,1.45]

 TAFE/Certificate/Diploma

 

1.07 [0.83,1.36]

 

1.35 [1.13,1.62]c

1.23 [1.01,1.50]a

 University Degree

 

1.56 [1.27,1.92]c

 

1.39 [1.19,1.63]c

1.67 [1.41,1.98]c

Currently in paid employment

 No

   

1.00

 

 Yes

   

0.84 [0.73,0.97]a

 

Country of birth

 Australia

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 

 UK/Ireland

 

1.00 [0.81,1.23]

0.74 [0.60,0.92]b

1.10 [0.94,1.29]

 

 Other countries

 

2.90 [2.37,3.56]c

0.91 [0.73,1.14]

0.77 [0.65,0.92]b

 

Residential area

 Metropolitan

 

1.00

   

 Rest of the state

 

0.83 [0.70,0.99]a

   

BMI category

 Normal weight or under

 

1.00

1.00

  

 Overweight

 

1.01 [0.84,1.21]

0.81 [0.68,0.98]a

  

 Obese

 

0.71 [0.57,0.87]c

0.78 [0.63,0.96]a

  

Level of attention paid to health aspect of diet

 Pay a lot of attention

   

1.00

1.00

 Take a bit of notice

   

0.79 [0.70,0.90]c

0.54 [0.47,0.61]c

 Don’t think about

   

0.38 [0.29,0.49]c

0.33 [0.25,0.45]c

  1. Results are odds ratio (OR) from binary logistic regressions. a p < .05; b p < .01; c p < .001. Full models include the following variables: survey years, age group, sex, education level, household income, employment status, country of birth, residential area, BMI categories, and how they felt about health aspect of their diet. Variables with p value < .05 were retained in the final models and reported in the table with the exception of survey year which remained in final models regardless its significant level