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Table 3 Proportion of women attending antenatal care in each facility, by maternal characteristics and birth outcomes in worst case scenario (women with unknown attendance classified as not having attended ANC)

From: Attendance at antenatal clinics in inner-city Johannesburg, South Africa and its associations with birth outcomes: analysis of data from birth registers at three facilities

Variable

Primary care clinic

P

Secondary level hospital

P

Tertiary hospital

P

% attended (n/N)

% attended (n/N)

% attended (n/N)

ANC attendance for facility

77.1 (5813/7543)

 

89.0 (3661/4113)

 

93.1 (18,177/19,523)

 

Maternal age (years)

 10–16

75.0 (66/88)

0.01$

-

-

91.0 (229/252)

<0.001$

 17–19

74.1 (542/731)

91.0 (1114/1224)

 20–24

75.9 (2197/2894)

91.7 (4726/5154)

 25–29

79.0 (1797/2275)

93.6 (5674/6065)

 30–34

78.0 (844/1082)

94.1 (3814/4051)

  ≥ 35

77.6 (367/473)

94.3 (2620/2777)

Parityb

 1

-

-

-

-

93.4 (6046/6461)

0.85$

 2–4

93.4 (4642/4966)

  ≥ 5

93.9 (448/477)

Gravidityb

 1

-

-

-

-

92.0 (5252/5708)

<0.001$

 2–4

93.4 (11,761/12,581)

  ≥ 5

94.3 (1040/1093)

Had HIV test

 Yes

97.2 (5023/5167)

<0.001

92.6 (3353/3621)

<0.001

95.1 (17,380/18,276)

<0.001

 No

33.3 (790/2376)

62.6 (308/492)

63.9 (797/1247)

HIV statusa

 Positive

95.0 (1803/1897)

<0.001

92.0 (798/867)

0.47

95.0 (5180/5452)

0.72

 Negative

98.5 (3220/3270)

92.8 (2555/2754)

95.1 (12,200/12,824)

Delivery mode

 Vaginal delivery

77.1 (5813/7543)

-

87.6 (2741/3129)

<0.001

90.6 (7924/8744)

<0.001

 Caesarean section

NA

93.5 (920/984)

96.5 (9946/10,304)

Infant sex

 Female

77.7 (2976/3833)

0.28

88.4 (1795/2031)

0.19

94.0 (8115/8636)

0.24

 Male

76.6 (2824/3687)

89.7 (1864/2079)

93.5 (8434/9017)

Gestation at birth

 Preterm

57.7 (15/26)

0.02

80.9 (38/47)

0.20

88.8 (4551/5125)

<0.001

 Term

77.1 (5798/7517)

89.1 (3616//4058)

94.8 (12,318/12,989)

 Post-term

-

87.5 (7/8)

95.4 (866/908)

Infant status at birth

 Alive

77.2 (5799/7510)

<0.001

89.1 (3647/4093)

0.32

94.1 (16,367/17,401)

<0.001

 Stillbirthb

40.6 (13/32)

81.3 (13/16)

83.2 (405/487)

  1. At HCHC, no births were considered post-term. Worst case scenario is the number of women who attended ANC among all women
  2. NA not applicable as caesarean sections not done at HCHC
  3. –Data not collected in labour ward registers
  4. $Chi-square test for trend
  5. aHIV status among women with a known status
  6. bIncludes death shortly after birth.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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