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Table 1 Characteristics of and prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the enrolled participants in Khanh Hoa, Vietnam

From: Prevalence, perception and factors associated with diabetes mellitus among the adult population in central Vietnam: a population-based, cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey

Factor

Category

Males

Females

(n = 154)

(n = 222)

 

Total n (%)

DMa n (%)

Total n (%)

DMa n (%)

Total

154 (41.0)

11 (7.1)

222 (59.0)

16 (7.2)

Age (years old)

20–29

36 (23.4)

0 (0.0)

36 (16.4)

0 (0.0)

30–39

32 (20.8)

1 (3.1)

52 (23.6)

1 (1.9)

40–49

33 (21.4)

3 (9.1)

57 (25.9)

4 (7.0)

50–59

39 (25.3)

5 (12.8)

51 (23.2)

4 (7.8)

60–70

14 (9.1)

2 (14.3)

24 (10.9)

6 (25)

Residential area

Rural

103 (66.9)

3 (2.9)

128 (57.7)

6 (4.7)

Urban

51 (33.1)

8 (15.7)

94 (42.3)

10 (10.6)

Occupation

Manual worker

86 (55.8)

2 (2.3)

67 (30.2)

4 (6)

Office worker

16 (10.4)

2 (12.5)

23 (10.4)

1 (4.4)

Service worker

20 (13)

5 (25)

41 (18.5)

1 (2.4)

Homemaker, Student, No job

9 (5.8)

0 (0)

69 (31.1)

6 (8.7)

Retired

9 (5.8)

1 (11.1)

10 (4.5)

3 (30)

Others

14 (9.1)

1 (7.1)

12 (5.4)

1 (8.3)

Marital status

Never married

32 (20.8)

0 (0.0)

12 (5.4)

0 (0.0)

Currently married

122 (79.2)

11 (9.0)

187 (84.2)

2 (6.4)

Divorced/widowed

0 (0)

0 (0)

23 (10.4)

4 (17.4)

Educational level completed

No school - primary school uncompleted

18 (11.7)

0 (0)

45 (20.3)

1 (2.2)

Primary school

40 (26.0)

1 (2.5)

69 (31.1)

5 (7.3)

Lower secondary school

40 (26.0)

0 (0)

58 (26.1)

6 (10.3)

Higher secondary school - university

56 (36.4)

10 (17.9)

50 (22.5)

4 (8.0)

Monthly household income (USDb)

< 71

19 (12.3)

0 (0)

38 (17.1)

4 (10.5)

71–141

35 (22.7)

3 (8.6)

52 (23.4)

4 (7.7)

142–283

53 (34.4)

3 (5.7)

70 (31.5)

4 (5.7)

≥ 284

47 (30.5)

5 (10.6)

62 (27.9)

4 (6.5)

Level of daily physical activity

Heavy

98 (63.6)

3 (3.1)

78 (35.1)

4 (5.1)

Light

56 (36.4)

8 (14.3)

144 (64.9)

12 (8.3)

Smoking status

Never smoker

31 (20.1)

2 (6.5)

211 (95.1)

16 (7.6)

Ex-smoker (currently not smoking)

31 (20.1)

3 (9.7)

10 (4.5)

0 (0)

Current smoker

92 (59.7)

6 (6.5)

1 (0.5)

0 (0)

Alcohol consumption

< 1 day per week - never consumed

83 (53.9)

6 (7.2)

218 (98.2)

16 (7.3)

1–3 days per week

50 (32.5)

5 (10)

3 (1.4)

0 (0)

4–7 days per week

21 (13.6)

0 (0)

1 (0.5)

0 (0)

BMIc

Low or normal

132 (85.7)

7 (5.3)

180 (81.1)

9 (5.0)

Overweight

19 (12.3)

3 (15.8)

34 (15.3)

4 (11.8)

Obesity

3 (2.0)

1 (33.3)

8 (3.6)

3 (37.5)

Hypertensiond

No

96 (62.3)

3 (3.1)

173 (77.9)

8 (4.6)

Yes

58 (37.7)

8 (13.8)

(22.1)

8 (16.3)

Hyperlipidemiae

No

127 (82.5)

6 (4.7)

190 (85.6)

13 (6.8)

Yes

27 (17.5)

5 (18.5)

32 (14.4)

3 (9.4)

Metabolic syndromef

No

98 (63.6)

2 (2.0)

196 (88.3)

8 (4.1)

Yes

56 (36.4)

9 (16.1)

26 (11.7)

8 (30.8)

  1. aDM, Diabetes mellitus. Any of the following factors: 1) elevated HbA1c level ≥ 6.5%; 2) elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or random elevated plasma glucose level ≥ 11.1 mmol/L; or 3) history of treatment for DM.
  2. bConverted according to the rates in December 2014 (1,000,000 VND = 47.3 USD).
  3. cBMI, Body mass index. Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and <30 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2).
  4. dRaised blood pressure (BP): systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg.
  5. eAny of the following factors: 1)High total cholesterol (TC) level as ≥6.2 mmol/L; 2) low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level as <1.0 mmol/L; and 3) high triglyceride level as ≥2.3 mmol/L.
  6. fAny three of the following five factors: 1) waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for males or ≥80 cm for females in the Asian population; 2) triglyceride level ≥ 1.7 mmol/L; 3) HDL-C level < 1.0 mmol/L for males and <1.3 mmol/L for females; 4) systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg; and 5) FPG level ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or drug treatment for elevated glucose level.
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