Table 3 Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality: results of Cox proportional hazard model (N=10,271)
From: Social participation and mortality: does social position in civic groups matter?
Crudea) | IPTWb) | |
|---|---|---|
HR (95 % CI) | HR (95 % CI) | |
Social participation | ||
Regular position in the social organization(s) | reference | reference |
Leadership position in one or more social organization(s) | 0.72 (0.62 to 0.85) | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.99) |
Age | ||
65–69 | reference | reference |
70–74 | 1.40 (1.12 to 1.76) | 1.27 (1.07 to 1.50) |
75–79 | 2.42 (1.95 to 3.01) | 2.20 (1.87 to 2.59) |
80–84 | 4.27 (3.38 to 5.40) | 3.79 (3.17 to 4.54) |
85 or older | 9.03 (7.05 to 11.56) | 7.34 (5.84 to 9.21) |
Sex | ||
Female | reference | reference |
Male | 2.10 (1.81 to 2.44) | 2.75 (2.40 to 3.15) |
Individual-level equivalent income (JPY) | ||
<19,999 | reference | reference |
20,000–39,999 | 1.01 (0.85 to 1.20) | 1.19 (1.03 to 1.37) |
≧40,000 | 0.78 (0.56 to 1.10) | 1.01 (0.74 to 1.37) |
Educational attainment | ||
Less than 6 years | reference | reference |
6–9 years | 0.54 (0.41 to 0.73) | 0.79 (0.60 to 1.06) |
10–12 years | 0.41 (0.30 to 0.56) | 0.78 (0.59 to 1.03) |
13 years and more | 0.43 (0.30 to 0.62) | 0.65 (0.45 to 0.94) |
Other | 1.16 (0.47 to 2.91) | 1.38 (0.69 to 2.75) |
Marital status | ||
Married and spouse is alive | 0.82 (0.70 to 0.97) | 0.86 (0.75 to 0.99) |
Other | reference | reference |
Self-reported health | ||
Very good | reference | reference |
Good | 1.28 (0.91 to 1.80) | 0.97 (0.72 to 1.31) |
Poor | 2.67 (1.88 to 3.79) | 1.58 (1.13 to 2.21) |
Very poor | 5.98 (4.08 to 8.75) | 2.55 (1.74 to 3.73) |
Self-reported physical function | ||
Very good | reference | reference |
Good | 1.20 (0.93 to 1.55) | 1.01 (0.79 to 1.28) |
Poor | 2.61 (1.98 to 3.44) | 1.32 (0.98 to 1.77) |
Very poor | 4.59 (3.28 to 6.41) | 1.48 (1.03 to 2.13) |
Self-reported medical conditions | ||
No illness | reference | reference |
Having illness but need no treatment | 1.91 (1.37 to 2.66) | 1.39 (1.08 to 1.80) |
Having illness but discontinued treatment | 1.52 (1.02 to 2.27) | 1.30 (0.96 to 1.77) |
Receiving some treatment | 2.18 (1.70 to 2.80) | 1.28 (1.04 to 1.59) |
Geriatric Depression Scale | ||
Normal | reference | reference |
Mildly depressed | 1.59 (1.36 to 1.85) | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.33) |
Severely depressed | 2.18 (1.73 to 2.74) | 1.19 (0.96 to 1.48) |
Residence year | ||
Less than 10 years | 0.80 (0.51 to 1.26) | 0.97 (0.69 to 1.37) |
10–19 years | 0.80 (0.55 to 1.17) | 0.88 (0.67 to 1.16) |
20–29 years | 0.89 (0.68 to 1.17) | 1.22 (0.97 to 1.53) |
30–39 years | 0.67 (0.52 to 0.86) | 0.94 (0.76 to 1.15) |
40–49 years | 0.63 (0.50 to 0.79) | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.31) |
50 years and more | reference | reference |