Parameter | Age categories | Interventiona | Comparisonb | Differential significance between changes in intervention and comparison groups p-value | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline (n  = 1554) | Follow-up (n  = 1808) | ∆ | Baselinec(n  = 3725) | Follow-upd(n = 3873) | ∆ | |||||||||||
Mean | 95Â % Confidence interval | Mean | 95Â % Confidence interval | Mean | 95Â % Confidence interval | Mean | 95Â % Confidence interval | |||||||||
from | to | from | to | from | to | from | to | |||||||||
Mean systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 20–39 | 108 | 107 | 109 | 106 | 105 | 107 | −2** | 106 | 104 | 107 | 105 | 103 | 107 | −1 | 0.006 |
40–59 | 115 | 114 | 116 | 112 | 111 | 113 | −3*** | 114 | 112 | 116 | 113 | 111 | 116 | −1 | 0.001 | |
60–79 | 126 | 124 | 128 | 123 | 121 | 125 | −3* | 125 | 124 | 126 | 124 | 122 | 125 | −1 | 0.087 | |
Mean diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 20–39 | 71 | 70 | 72 | 68 | 68 | 69 | −3*** | 69 | 68 | 71 | 69 | 67 | 70 | 0 | <0.001 |
40–59 | 76 | 76 | 77 | 73 | 72 | 73 | −3*** | 75 | 74 | 76 | 74 | 73 | 76 | −1 | <0.001 | |
60–79 | 75 | 74 | 76 | 71 | 70 | 73 | −4*** | 73 | 72 | 73 | 72 | 71 | 73 | −1 | <0.001 | |
Normal blood pressuree (%) | 18–39 | 90.6 | 88.2 | 92.9 | 93.9 | 92.1 | 95.7 | 3.3* | 95.4 | 93.8 | 96.9 | 94.7 | 89.4 | 97.4 | −0.7 | 0.029 |
40–59 | 76.3 | 72.9 | 79.7 | 85.2 | 82.5 | 87.9 | 8.9*** | 82.4 | 78.8 | 85.9 | 82.7 | 77.4 | 86.9 | 0.3 | <0.001 | |
60–79 | 60.3 | 54.5 | 66.1 | 63.9 | 58.6 | 69.2 | 3.6 | 66.7 | 64.2 | 69.1 | 67.1 | 62.9 | 71.0 | −0.6 | 0.403 | |
18–79 | 79.1 | 77.0 | 81.1 | 84.7 | 83.0 | 86.5 | 5.6*** | 84.4 | 82.8 | 86.0 | 84.1 | 80.7 | 87.0 | −0.3 | <0.001 | |
High-normal blood pressuree (%) | 18–39 | 5.2 | 3.4 | 7.0 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 6.8 | 0 | 3.9 | 2.6 | 5.1 | n/a | … | … | … | … |
40–59 | 12.2 | 9.5 | 14.8 | 11.0 | 8.6 | 13.4 | −1.2 | 11.3 | 8.7 | 13.9 | 9.3 | 6.8 | 12.6 | −2.0 | 0.772 | |
60–79 | 16.6 | 12.2 | 21.0 | 19.7 | 15.3 | 24.1 | 3.1 | 15.7 | 12.8 | 18.6 | 17.9 | 14.5 | 21.9 | 2.2 | 0.466 | |
18–79 | 10.2 | 8.6 | 11.7 | 10.2 | 8.8 | 11.7 | 0 | 9.2 | 8.0 | 10.4 | 8.9 | 7.3 | 10.9 | −0.3 | 0.895 | |
Stage 1 hypertensione (%) | 18–39 | 3.7 | 2.2 | 5.2 | 0.6 | 0 | 1.1 | −3.1*** | n/a | … | … | n/a | … | … | … | … |
40–59 | 8.8 | 6.5 | 11.1 | 2.7 | 1.5 | .0 | −6.1*** | 5.3 | 4.0 | 6.6 | 6.5f | 3.9 | 10.6 | 1.2 | <0.001 | |
60–79 | 16.7 | 12.3 | 21.2 | 13.9 | 10.1 | 17.8 | −2.8 | 13.8 | 11.6 | 15.9 | 10.5 | 8.2 | 13.5 | −3.3 | 0.638 | |
18–79 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 9.7 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 4.9 | −4.2*** | 5.1 | 4.5 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 3.8 | 7.5 | 0.3 | <0.001 | |
Mean body weight (kg) | 20–39 | 77.5 | 75.9 | 79.2 | 79.4 | 77.8 | 81.0 | 1.9 | 76.0 | 74.2 | 77.7 | 75.6 | 72.5 | 78.7 | −0.4 | 0.111 |
40–59 | 82.4 | 80.9 | 83.9 | 84.0 | 82.4 | 85.6 | 1.6 | 79.2 | 77.4 | 80.9 | 79.8 | 77.7 | 81.8 | 0.6 | 0.231 | |
60–79 | 81.9 | 79.7 | 84.1 | 82.9 | 79.7 | 84.1 | 1.0 | 77.5 | 76.4 | 78.6 | 78.0 | 76.0 | 80.1 | 0.5 | 0.585 | |
Mean BMI(kg/m2) | 20–39 | 26.69 | 26.17 | 27.21 | 26.68 | 26.23 | 27.13 | −0.01 | 26.20 | 25.64 | 26.77 | 25.87 | 25.09 | 26.65 | −0.33 | 0.848 |
 | 40–59 | 28.56 | 28.09 | 29.04 | 28.79 | 28.32 | 29.26 | 0.23 | 27.69 | 27.18 | 28.19 | 28.02 | 27.38 | 28.66 | 0.33 | 0.711 |
60–79 | 29.24 | 28.60 | 29.88 | 29.62 | 29.00 | 30.23 | 0.38 | 28.23 | 27.85 | 28.62 | 28.43 | 27.75 | 29.12 | 0.20 | 0.486 | |
Normal weightg (%) | 18–39 | 44.7 | 40.7 | 48.7 | 43.2 | 39.5 | 46.9 | −1.5 | 48.2 | 42.8 | 53.7 | 49.7 | 43.3 | 56.2 | 1.5 | 0.532 |
 | 40–59 | 29.6 | 25.9 | 33.3 | 28.7 | 25.2 | 32.1 | −0.9 | 32.7 | 28.0 | 37.4 | 32.2 | 27.2 | 37.6 | −0.5 | 0.777 |
60–79 | 20.4 | 15.6 | 25.1 | 20.6 | 16.1 | 25.0 | 0.2 | 27.9 | 22.5 | 33.3 | 25.6 | 19.9 | 32.3 | −2.3 | 0.850 | |
18–79 | 34.0 | 31.5 | 36.4 | 33.1 | 30.9 | 35.4 | −0.8 | 37.9 | 33.3 | 42.4 | 37.6 | 33.1 | 42.3 | −0.3 | 0.674 | |
Overweightg(%) | 18–39 | 32.3 | 28.5 | 36.1 | 32.0 | 28.5 | 35.4 | −0.4 | 29.7 | 25.4 | 33.9 | 28.4 | 24.0 | 33.3 | −1.3 | 0.978 |
 | 40–59 | 35.9 | 32.0 | 39.8 | 36.5 | 32.8 | 40.2 | 0.6 | 41.4 | 38.0 | 44.8 | 37.4 | 31.1 | 44.1 | −4.0 | 0.573 |
60–79 | 40.2 | 34.4 | 46.0 | 35.8 | 30.5 | 41.0 | −4.4 | 41.2 | 37.2 | 45.3 | 38.8 | 34.0 | 43.9 | −2.4 | 0.368 | |
18–79 | 35.3 | 32.8 | 37.7 | 34.5 | 32.2 | 36.8 | −0.8 | 36.7 | 33.7 | 39.7 | 34.2 | 30.9 | 37.7 | −2.5 | 0.906 | |
Obese, class Ig (%) | 18–39 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 11.0 | 16.1 | 2.1 | 11.3 | 9.8 | 12.7 | 11.3 | 8.5 | 14.9 | 0 | 0.286 |
 | 40–59 | 20.6 | 17.4 | 23.9 | 21.4 | 18.3 | 24.5 | 0.8 | 15.9 | 12.8 | 19.0 | 17.3 | 14.1 | 21.0 | 1.4 | 0.897 |
60–79 | 26.4 | 21.2 | 31.6 | 27.2 | 22.3 | 32.1 | 0.8 | 21.0 | 16.1 | 25.8 | 23.1 | 20.4 | 26.1 | 2.1 | 0.968 | |
18–79 | 18.0 | 16.0 | 19.9 | 19.3 | 17.4 | 21.2 | 1.3 | 15.1 | 13.3 | 16.9 | 16.2 | 14.0 | 18.7 | 1.1 | 0.646 | |
Obese, class IIg (%) | 18–39 | 5.5 | 3.6 | 7.3 | 6.0 | 4.2 | 7.7 | 0.5 | 5.0 | 3.4 | 6.5 | 4.8f | 2.8 | 8.1 | −0.2 | 0.686 |
 | 40–59 | 9.0 | 6.7 | 11.4 | 7.3 | 5.3 | 9.3 | −1.7 | 6.3f | 4.2 | 8.5 | 8.1f | 5.2 | 12.5 | 1.8 | 0.189 |
60–79 | 8.1 | 4.9 | 11.4 | 11.7 | 8.1 | 15.2 | 3.6 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 8.5 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 7.8 | −0.6 | 0.126 | |
18–79 | 7.4 | 6.1 | 8.8 | 7.6 | 6.3 | 8.8 | 0.2 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 4.6 | 8.7 | 0.5 | 0.985 | |
Obese, class IIIg (%) | 18–39 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 3.5 | −1.1 | 2.8f | 1.6 | 4.0 | 2.7f | 1.5 | 4.6 | −0.1 | 0.286 |
 | 40–59 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 4.0 | 7.6 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 4.2 | 4.2f | 2.8 | 6.1 | 1.0 | 0.427 |
60–79 | 4.5 | 2.1 | 7.0 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 6.5 | −0.3 | 3.0f | 1.9 | 4.1 | 4.6f | 2.8 | 7.5 | 1.6 | 0.645 | |
18–79 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 2.8 | 4.8 | 0.7 | 0.671 | |
Mean waist circumference (cm) | 20–39 | 86.6 | 85.2 | 88.0 | 88.4 | 87.3 | 89.6 | 1.8* | 86.9 | 85.5 | 88.4 | 85.7 | 83.6 | 87.7 | −1.2 | <0.001 |
40–59 | 93.7 | 92.4 | 94.9 | 95.6 | 94.4 | 96.9 | 1.9* | 93.4 | 91.9 | 94.9 | 93.8 | 92.1 | 95.6 | 0.4 | 0.062 | |
60–79 | 97.9 | 96.1 | 99.8 | 99.3 | 97.6 | 101.0 | 1.4 | 97.6 | 96.2 | 98.9 | 97.3 | 95.4 | 99.1 | −0.3 | 0.255 | |
Mean hip circumference (cm) | 20–39 | 103.6 | 102.6 | 104.6 | 105.0 | 104.1 | 105.9 | 1.4* | 102.7 | 101.5 | 103.8 | 102.1 | 100.5 | 103.7 | −0.6 | 0.030 |
40–59 | 105.6 | 104.7 | 106.6 | 106.7 | 105.8 | 107.7 | 1.1 | 104.3 | 103.3 | 105.3 | 104.5 | 103.1 | 105.8 | 0.2 | 0.139 | |
60–79 | 107.2 | 105.9 | 108.6 | 108.0 | 106.8 | 109.3 | 0.8 | 105.1 | 104.3 | 105.9 | 105.1 | 103.8 | 106.4 | 0 | 0.402 | |
Mean waist/hip ratio | 20–39 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.01 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.02*** | 0.807 |
40–59 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.01 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.02*** | 0.518 | |
60–79 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.01 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0 | 0.206 |