Table 4 Factors associated with expression of a metabolically unhealthy phenotype (unadjusted and multivariate analyses)

Age (years)

<0.0001

<0.0001

≤34

1.00

-

1.00

-

35–44

2.67

<0.0001

1.94

<0.0001

(2.61–2.73)

(1.83–2.07)

45–54

5.01

<0.0001

3.18

<0.0001

(4.89–5.14)

(2.97–3.40)

55

7.72

<0.0001

4.95

<0.0001

(7.50–7.95)

(4.55–5.39)

Male [Female]

3.07

<0.0001

1.63

<0.0001

(3.00–3.15)

(1.53–1.75)

Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

<0.0001

<0.0001

18.50–24.99

1.00

-

1.00

-

<18.50

0.21

<0.0001

0.25

0.0023

(0.15–0.29)

(0.11–0.61)

25.00–29.99

6.64

<0.0001

4.98

<0.0001

(6.43–6.86)

(4.56–5.44)

30.00–34.99

31.38

<0.0001

23.93

<0.0001

(30.32–32.47)

(21.89–26.16)

35.00–39.99

67.14

<0.0001

55.53

<0.0001

(63.95–70.48)

(49.54–62.24)

≥40.00

70.96

<0.0001

67.29

<0.0001

(65.3–77.10)

(56.39–80.30)

Blue collar [White collar]

1.48

<0.0001

1.04

0.1680

(1.45–1.51)

(0.98–1.10)

Smoking status

<0.0001

<0.0001

Never smoker

1.00

-

1.00

-

Former smoker (stopped smoking ≥1 year ago)

2.19

<0.0001

1.13

0.0008

(2.14–2.25)

(1.05–1.22)

Former smoker (stopped smoking <1 year ago)

1.61

<0.0001

1.34

0.0002

(1.54–1.70)

(1.15–1.56)

Current smoker

1.34

<0.0001

1.33

<0.0001

(1.32–1.37)

(1.26–1.41)

Heavy drinker [Not a heavy drinker]

1.66

<0.0001

1.27

0.0024

(1.58–1.75)

(1.09–1.48)

With hypercholesterolemia [Without hypercholesterolemia]

2.92

<0.0001

1.77

<0.0001

(2.87–2.98)

(1.68–1.86)

Physical exercise

<0.0001

<0.0001

Regular physical exercise

1.00

-

1.00

-

≥2 h/week of physical exercise

1.61

<0.0001

1.25

<0.0001

(1.47–1.75)

(1.13–1.38)

<2 h/week physical exercise

1.46

<0.0001

1.19

0.0001

(1.35–1.58)

(1.09–1.30)

No physical exercise

2.05

<0.0001

1.42

<0.0001

(1.93–2.18)

(1.32–1.52)