Study variables | % @ T1 | % @ T2 | % @ T3 | % @ T4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Na = 11 868 | Na = 12 111 | Na = 13 914 | Na = 13 085 | |
Outcome | ||||
Mental well-being | ||||
Psychological distress | 32.4 | 33.1 | ||
Psychiatric distress | 6.7 | 6.9 | ||
Substance use | 12.9 | 25.2 | 32.0 | 39.9 |
Interaction authority | 13.3 | 12.6 | 11.8 | |
Delinquency | 29.0 | 24.3 | 21.1 | |
Absenteeism | 40.0 | 46.0 | 39.6 | |
Personal characteristic | ||||
Sex (female) | 50.3 | 50.1 | 49.2 | 49.1 |
Ethnicity | ||||
White | 87.7 | 87.7 | 88.4 | 88.2 |
Indian | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 5.0 |
Mixed | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 |
Other | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.9 |
Religion | ||||
None | 37.5 | 37.7 | 37.7 | 37.8 |
Christian | 52.5 | 52.4 | 53.1 | 52.8 |
Muslim | 6.2 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 5.9 |
Other | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
Parental qualifications | ||||
Degree | 18.6 | 18.5 | 18.1 | 18.0 |
GCE | 33.7 | 33.5 | 33.7 | 33.7 |
GCSE | 26.3 | 26.4 | 26.4 | 26.4 |
Level 1 or below | 21.5 | 21.7 | 21.8 | 21.8 |
Social class | ||||
High occupation/Professional | 41.4 | 41.9 | 43.8 | 41.0 |
Intermediate occupation | 7.3 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 9.4 |
Small occupation/self-employed | 13.0 | 9.1 | 7.0 | 11.4 |
Supervisory & technical | 12.0 | 13.1 | 13.2 | 9.8 |
(Semi-) routine occupation | 21.2 | 24.5 | 25.5 | 25.9 |
Not employed | 5.1 | 4.4 | 3.3 | 2.5 |
Household income | ||||
Below poverty | 27.1 | 27.3 | 27.4 | 27.4 |
Middle | 41.3 | 41.4 | 41.6 | 41.5 |
Highest quartile | 31.6 | 31.4 | 31.0 | 31.1 |
Housing (renting) | 26.8 | 24.5 | 24.4 | 22.5 |
Extracurricular activity | ||||
Volunteering | 8.1 | 10.8 | 5.9 | 16.8 |
Religious activities | 17.9 | 15.4 | 10.2 | 15.6 |
Expressive activities | 29.5 | 25.8 | 13.7 | 21.5 |
Youth club activities | 20.7 | 17.0 | 11.4 | 14.9 |
Sports activities | 88.6 | 85.4 | 93.7 | 72.1 |
Family factors | ||||
Parental composition | ||||
Single/no parent | 26.2 | 23.6 | 24.9 | 29.0 |
Number of siblings | ||||
0 | 13.5 | 14.4 | 16.3 | 15.9 |
1–2 | 66.3 | 66.3 | 65.8 | 65.7 |
3+ | 20.2 | 19.2 | 17.9 | 18.4 |
Parent-adolescent relationship (bad) | 6.3 | 12.6 | 16.8 | 11.1 |
School factors | ||||
Bully victim | ||||
No | 62.7 | 68.7 | 78.2 | 67.1 |
1 type | 19.8 | 16.5 | 12.1 | 15.4 |
2 types | 9.7 | 8.9 | 6.3 | 10.5 |
3 or 4 types | 7.8 | 6 | 3.4 | 7.1 |