| Univariable regression | Multivariable regressiona | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal Factors | Odds ratio | 95Â % CI | P value | Odds ratio | 95Â % CI | P value |
Demographic factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Maternal age (years) | 0.96 | 0.91 to 1.01 | 0.06 | 0.95 | 0.89 to 1.00 | 0.06 |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Primary | Reference | - | - | Reference | - | - |
Secondary | 0.97 | 0.53 to 1.78 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.48 to 1.91 | 089 |
University | 1.13 | 0.54 to 2.35 | 0.74 | 1.36 | 0.56 to 3.33 | 0.50 |
Gravidity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Primgravida | Reference | - | - | Reference | - | - |
Multigravida | 1.04 | 0.66 to 1.66 | 0.86 | 1.50 | 0.87 to 2.58 | 0.15 |
Main energy source | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Gas | Reference | - | - | Reference | - | - |
Firewood/Straw/Hay | 0.85 | 0.45 to 1.61 | 0.62 | 0.88 | 0.45 to 1.72 | 0.70 |
Other | 0.72 | 0.22 to 2.39 | 0.60 | 0.82 | 0.18 to 3.68 | 0.79 |
Type of toilet | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Flush toilet/septic tank | Reference | - | - | Reference | - | - |
Compartment latrine | 0.75 | 0.38 to 1.45 | 0.39 | 0.74 | 0.39 to 1.40 | 0.36 |
Pit latrine/none | 1.11 | 0.62 to 1.99 | 0.72 | 1.01 | 0.54 to 1.89 | 0.98 |
Main water source | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Rain water | Reference | - | - | Reference | - | - |
Well water/river water | 2.22 | 1.04 to 4.73 | 0.04 | 2.67 | 1.05 to 6.77 | 0.04 |
Tap/piped water | 0.92 | 0.39 to 2.19 | 0.85 | 0.69 | 0.26 to 1.83 | 0.46 |
Nutritional and health status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Body mass index at enrolment (kg/m2) | 0.96 | 0.86 to 1.07 | 0.44 | Â | Â | Â |
Depression early pregnancy | 0.74 | 0.41 to 1.33 | 0.32 | Â | Â | Â |
Depression late pregnancy | 1.13 | 0.58 to 2.20 | 0.72 | Â | Â | Â |
Antenatal practices | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Change of diet when pregnant | 1.39 | 0.81 to 2.38 | 0.23 | Â | Â | Â |
Meat intake during pregnancy (number of times per week) | 1.08 | 0.96 to 1.21 | 0.23 | Â | Â | Â |
Supplements taken during trial intervention | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Daily IFA supplements | Reference | - | - | Â | Â | Â |
Twice weekly IFA supplements | 1.28 | 0.76 to 2.16 | 0.36 | 1.10 | 0.60 to 2.14 | 0.77 |
MMN supplements | 1.18 | 0.69 to 2.03 | 0.55 | 1.14 | 0.45 to 1.71 | 0.69 |
Micronutrient status in late pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 1.02 | 0.85 to 1.23 | 0.80 | Â | Â | Â |
Ferritin (log2 ug/L)b | 0.75 | 0.53 to 1.08 | 0.12 | Â | Â | Â |
B12 (log2 pmol/L)b | 1.22 | 0.62 to 2.40 | 0.57 | Â | Â | Â |
Folate (log2 nmol/L)b | 0.73 | 0.41 to 1.29 | 0.28 | Â | Â | Â |
Iodine (log2 ug/L)b | 1.08 | 0.82 to 1.43 | 0.60 | Â | Â | Â |
Infant factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Birthweight (per 100 grams) | 0.98 | 0.98 to 1.00 | 0.48 | Â | Â | Â |
Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 0.88 | 0.80 to 0.98 | 0.02 | 0.92 | 0.82 to 1.04 | 0.18 |
Male sex | 2.14 | 1.35 to 3.39 | 0.01 | 2.35 | 1.40 to 3.96 | 0.01 |
Child care practices | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Exclusive breast feeding at six weeks of age | 0.44 | 0.25 to 0.75 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.20 to 0.75 | 0.01 |
Use of dietary supplements for child in the first six months | 0.74 | 0.40 to 1.38 | 0.34 | Â | Â | Â |