Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | BMC Public Health

Fig. 1

From: Tobacco use and household expenditures on food, education, and healthcare in low- and middle-income countries: a multilevel analysis

Fig. 1

Daily tobacco use is associated with reduced household expenditures on education and healthcare. Left: Household expenditure on education, pooled estimate: decreased by 8.0 % (CI: −12.8 to –3.2 %). Right: Household expenditure on healthcare, pooled estimate: decreased by 5.5 % (CI: −10.7 to –0.3 %); the point estimates of the random-slope model of logged household expenditures on education and healthcare at 95 % CI are illustrated as black dots, and estimates whose CI cross the vertical line (zero) are not statistically significant

Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us