Table 4 Direct and indirect effects of SEM variables on HAZ and BMIZ (n = 376)
HAZ | Direct | Indirect | Total | p |
 Sex (male) | −0.03 | −0.021 | −0.04 | 0.219 |
 Ethnicity (black) | −0.06 |  | −0.06 | 0.240 |
 Ethnicity (white) | −0.072 |  | −0.07 | <0.001 |
 Birth order | −0.06 |  | −0.06 | 0.205 |
 SES (extremely low) |  | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.073 |
 Helminth infection | −0.091 | −0.012 | −0.09 | 0.014 |
 De-worming treatment |  | 0.011 | 0.01 | 0.038 |
 Maternal height | 0.392 |  | 0.39 | <0.001 |
 Serum selenium |  | −0.021 | −0.02 | 0.027 |
 Serum zinc | −0.111 |  | −0.11 | 0.006 |
BMIZ | Direct | Indirect | Total | p |
 Sex (male) | −0.01 | 0.003 | −0.01 | 0.832 |
 SES (extremely low) | −0.151 | −0.0011 | −0.15 | 0.001 |
 Helminth infection |  | −0.0042 | −0.004 | <0.001 |
 De-worming treatment |  | 0.000 | 0.00 | 0.208 |
 Maternal weight | 0.212 |  | 0.21 | <0.001 |
 Serum selenium |  | 0.021 | 0.02 | 0.004 |
 Serum zinc | −0.06 |  | −0.06 | 0.267 |
 Haemoglobin | 0.142 |  | 0.14 | <0.001 |